{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:16:16Z","timestamp":1789488976778,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101054558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101054558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometers are not optimally designed to analyze nonvolatile molecular solutes such as oxyanions or organics. Necessary sample conversion steps, often demanding micromole-scale samples, break chemical bonds and limit oxyanion analyses to elemental isotope ratios. Recent studies enthusiastically promote soft electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI-Orbitrap-MS) for intact-molecule isotopologue analysis. This combination uses widely accessible instrumentation to provide simultaneous multi-isotopologue and clumped isotope analyses using tens of nanomoles of dissolved sample. However, its isotopic capabilities have been evaluated primarily through technical assessments rather than on natural samples, despite the need for matrix sensitivity assessments and robust isotopic calibrations. Here, we establish a framework for natural-sample ESI-Orbitrap-MS isotopologue analysis of nitrate and sulfate, addressing matrix effects, isotopologue calibration, and instrumental stability. We demonstrate strong sensitivity to contaminants at concentrations 1000 times below target analytes and strong temperature-correlated drift over &amp;gt;30 min, highlighting the enhanced need for rigorous sample purification to suppress matrix effects, sample-reference bracketing to overcome drift, and isotopologue calibration to reduce biases and robustly quantify uncertainties. We achieve 0.4\u20131.3\u2030 precision and accurate measurements of \u03b415N-NO3\u2013, \u03b418O-NO3\u2013, \u039417O-NO3\u2013, \u03b434S-SO42\u2013, and \u039417O\u2013SO42\u2013 relative to traditional techniques, consuming only 20 nmol nitrate or 10 nmol sulfate. We resolve relative nitrate clumped isotope values in ice core samples (\u039415N18O-NO3\u2013: \u00b12.3\u2030; \u039418O18O-NO3\u2013: \u00b13.3\u2030) yet observe no correlations with bulk nitrate isotopes. These results establish practical guidelines for applying ESI-Orbitrap-MS to isotopologue and clumped isotope analysis of trace analytes in challenging sample matrices under real-world conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c00183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:53:49Z","timestamp":1788404029000},"page":"26323-26338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrospray-Orbitrap\nAnalysis of Nitrate and Sulfate\nIsotopologues in Natural Samples: Performance and Constraints"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-0720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jack","family":"Saville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, INRAE, IGE , ,","place":["Grenoble, France, 38000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Witwicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, INRAE, IGE , ,","place":["Grenoble, France, 38000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, INRAE, IGE , ,","place":["Grenoble, France, 38000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Lamothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, INRAE, IGE , ,","place":["Grenoble, France, 38000"]},{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0913-8678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nils Johannes","family":"Kuhlbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mu\u0308nster , ,","place":["Mu\u0308nster, Germany, 48149"]},{"name":"Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH , ,","place":["Bremen, Germany, 28199"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becky","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington , , , ,","place":["Seattle, Washington, United States, 351640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington , , , ,","place":["Seattle, Washington, United States, 351310"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews , , ,","place":["St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyesh","family":"Prabhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews , , ,","place":["St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-2490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eva","family":"Stu\u0308eken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews , , ,","place":["St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Garber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews , , ,","place":["St Andrews, United Kingdom, KY16 9TS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Caillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, INRAE, IGE , ,","place":["Grenoble, France, 38000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe\u0308l","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, INRAE, IGE , ,","place":["Grenoble, France, 38000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2026091511084323800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6703","article-title":"Analysis of\nOxygen-17 Excess of Nitrate and Sulfate at Sub-Micromole Levels Using\nthe Pyrolysis Method","volume":"27","author":"Geng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462480","article-title":"Compound-Specific Carbon Isotope\nAnalysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Complex Soil Extracts Using\nPurge and Trap Concentration Coupled to Heart-Cutting Two-Dimensional\nGas Chromatography\u2013Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry","volume":"1655","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511084323800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6034","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c06548","article-title":"Sub-10 Nanomole Perchlorate\n\u03b437Cl, \u03b418O, and \u039417O Measurements by ESI-Orbitrap-MS","volume":"98","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511084323800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061022s","article-title":"Triple Oxygen Isotope Analysis of\nNitrate Using the\nDenitrifier Method and Thermal Decomposition of N2O","volume":"79","author":"Kaiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026091511084323800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(19990830)13:16&lt;1685:AID-RCM699&gt;3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"On-Line \u03b418O\nMeasurement of Organic and Inorganic Substances","volume":"13","author":"Kornexl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2013.02.022","article-title":"MC-ICP-MS Measurement\nof \u03b434S and \u039433S in Small Amounts of Dissolved Sulfate","volume":"345","author":"Paris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511084323800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50209","article-title":"The Agricultural History of Human-Nitrogen\nInteractions\nas Recorded in Ice Core \u03b4 15 N-NO 3\u2013: ICE CORE RECORDS AGRICULTURAL HISTORY","volume":"40","author":"Felix","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08357-0","article-title":"2600-Years of Stratospheric\nVolcanism through Sulfate\nIsotopes","volume":"10","author":"Gautier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511084323800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48801-1","article-title":"Homogeneous\nSulfur Isotope Signature in East Antarctica and Implication for Sulfur\nSource Shifts through the Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle","volume":"9","author":"Ishino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511084323800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GL102061","article-title":"Underestimated\nPassive Volcanic Sulfur Degassing Implies Overestimated Anthropogenic\nAerosol Forcing","volume":"50","author":"Jongebloed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511084323800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025JD045465","article-title":"Thousand Years of Nitrogen\nOxide Sources in Western Europe: Evidence From Nitrogen Stable Isotopes\n(\u03b415N) of Nitrate in a Mont Blanc Ice Core","volume":"131","author":"Lamothe","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091511084323800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestair.3c00023","article-title":"Primary Sulfate\nIs the Dominant Source of Particulate Sulfate during Winter in Fairbanks,\nAlaska","volume":"1","author":"Moon","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS EST Air"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511084323800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.12.048","article-title":"Present Limitations\nand Future Prospects of Stable Isotope Methods for Nitrate Source\nIdentification in Surface- and Groundwater","volume":"43","author":"Xue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511084323800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31855-7","article-title":"Sunlight-Driven\nNitrate Loss Records Antarctic Surface Mass Balance","volume":"13","author":"Akers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"D2","key":"2026091511084323800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD010486","article-title":"Transition\nMetal-Catalyzed\nOxidation of Atmospheric Sulfur: Global Implications for the Sulfur\nBudget","volume":"114","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091511084323800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02395","article-title":"Tracing the Fate\nof Atmospheric Nitrate in a Subalpine Watershed Using \u039417O","volume":"52","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091511084323800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6403","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-6403-2013","article-title":"Air\u2013Snow\nTransfer of Nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau \u2013 Part 1:\nIsotopic Evidence for a Photolytically Driven Dynamic Equilibrium\nin Summer","volume":"13","author":"Erbland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026091511084323800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319441111","article-title":"Nitrogen Isotopes in Ice Core Nitrate\nLinked to Anthropogenic Atmospheric Acidity Change","volume":"111","author":"Geng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511084323800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GB002502","article-title":"Glacial\/Interglacial\nChanges in the\nIsotopes of Nitrate from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2)\nIce Core","volume":"19","author":"Hastings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.149","article-title":"Tracing the\nSources of Nitrate in the Rivers and Lakes of the Southern Areas of\nthe Tibetan Plateau Using Dual Nitrate Isotopes","volume":"658","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511084323800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JD033583","article-title":"Regional Characteristics\nof Atmospheric Sulfate Formation\nin East Antarctica Imprinted on 17O-Excess Signature","volume":"126","author":"Ishino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511084323800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-5749-2014","article-title":"WAIS Divide\nIce Core Suggests Sustained\nChanges in the Atmospheric Formation Pathways of Sulfate and Nitrate\nsince the 19th Century in the Extratropical Southern Hemisphere","volume":"14","author":"Sofen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091511084323800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6332","article-title":"Oxygen Isotope\nExchange with Quartz during Pyrolysis of Silver Sulfate and Silver\nNitrate","volume":"26","author":"Schauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511084323800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1800197","article-title":"Factors Influencing\nthe Accuracy of the Denitrifier\nMethod for Determining the Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Nitrate","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ., Sci., B"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511084323800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9224","article-title":"Influence\nof Sample Volume on Nitrate\nN and O Isotope Ratio Analyses with the Denitrifier Method","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511084323800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c06533","article-title":"High-Resolution\nMass Spectrometry\nfor Nitrate Aerosol Isotopologue Quantification: Method Development,\nCalibration, and Application to Atmospheric Samples","volume":"98","author":"Walters","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511084323800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anchem-071114-040325","article-title":"Evolution of Orbitrap\nMass Spectrometry Instrumentation","volume":"8","author":"Eliuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev.\nAnal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511084323800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.856","article-title":"The Orbitrap:\nA New Mass Spectrometer","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511084323800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1021\/ac991131p","article-title":"Electrostatic\nAxially Harmonic Orbital Trapping: A High-Performance Technique of\nMass Analysis","volume":"72","author":"Makarov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091511084323800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.5c00092","article-title":"Advancing Stable Isotope\nAnalysis with Orbitrap-MS for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Complex\nLipid Matrices","volume":"36","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026091511084323800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9139","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c00944","article-title":"Exploring the Potential\nof Electrospray-Orbitrap for Stable Isotope Analysis Using Nitrate\nas a Model","volume":"93","author":"Hilkert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14339","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c01382","article-title":"Triple Oxygen\nIsotope Analysis of Methanesulfonate Using the SO3\u2013 Fragment in ESI-Orbitrap-MS","volume":"97","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511084323800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c04141","article-title":"Simultaneous,\nHigh-Precision Measurements of \u03b42 H and \u03b413 C in Nanomole Quantities of Acetate Using Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole-Orbitrap\nMass Spectrometry","volume":"94","author":"Mueller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511084323800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04486","article-title":"Stable Isotope Analysis of Intact\nOxyanions Using Electrospray Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry","volume":"92","author":"Neubauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511084323800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03070","article-title":"Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Nanomole\nPhosphate Using PO3\u2013 Fragment\nin ESI-Orbitrap-MS","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-00981-5","article-title":"A Guide to Precise Measurements of Isotope Abundance\nby ESI-Orbitrap MS","volume":"19","author":"Kantnerova\u0301","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511084323800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c06166","article-title":"Position-Specific\nCarbon Isotope Analysis of Glucose\nat Natural Isotope Abundance by Electrospray-Ionization Orbitrap Mass\nSpectrometry","volume":"98","author":"Dion-Kirschner","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2023.117128","article-title":"Analysis of Intramolecular\nCarbon Isotope Distributions in Alanine by Electrospray Ionization\nOrbitrap Mass Spectrometry","volume":"493","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026091511084323800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22777","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c04367","article-title":"Oxygen\nIsotope Analyses of Phosphate and Organophosphorus\nCompounds by Electrospray Ionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry","volume":"97","author":"Bernet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2017.10.002","article-title":"Analysis of\nMolecular Isotopic Structures at High Precision and Accuracy by Orbitrap\nMass Spectrometry","volume":"422","author":"Eiler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2025.106610","article-title":"A Sub-Liter Pretreatment\nMethod for Orbitrap\u2013Based Freshwater Phosphate Oxygen Isotope\nMeasurement","volume":"194","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9764","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07111","article-title":"Lessons Learned in\nOrbitrap MS-Based\nIsotope Ratio Analysis of Organic Acid Mixtures","volume":"98","author":"Machado","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2023.117084","article-title":"Accuracy and Precision of ESI-Orbitrap-IRMS\nObservations of Hours to Tens of Hours via Reservoir Injection","volume":"490","author":"Csernica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091511084323800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1021\/ac010017f","article-title":"Sulfur and Oxygen\nIsotope Analysis of Sulfate at Micromole Levels Using a Pyrolysis\nTechnique in a Continuous Flow System","volume":"73","author":"Savarino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026091511084323800_cit45","unstructured":"Kuhlbusch, N.; Juchelka, D.; Kohl, I.; Hilkert, A.; Turchyn, A. V.; Savarino, J.\n          Isotope Ratio Analysis of Sulfate\nUsing Orbitrap Exploris Isotope Solutions."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511084323800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1021\/ac3027542","article-title":"Linear and Nonlinear Regimes of Electrospray\nSignal\nResponse in Analysis of Urine by Electrospray Ionization-High Field\nAsymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-MS and Implications\nfor Nontarget Quantification","volume":"85","author":"Beach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026091511084323800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217751X19420077","article-title":"Space-Charge Dynamics\nin Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers","volume":"34","author":"Grinfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod.\nPhys. 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