{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:43:24Z","timestamp":1792784604024,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002412","name":"Xi?an Jiaotong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xtr072024039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xtr072024039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GXLH-01-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXLH-01-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52025055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52025055"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52405627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52405627"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The confinement of light into nanometer-sized (typically &amp;lt;10 nm) metallic nanogaps can generate extremely high near-field enhancement, dramatically boosting absorption, emission, and Raman scattering of target molecules situated within the gaps. However, the scarcity of cost-effective, reliable, and high-throughput nanofabrication techniques capable of fabricating sub-10 nm gaps, particularly in binary nanostructures, has significantly hindered their practical applications. Here, a high-throughput nanofabrication strategy that combines anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, molecular self-assembly, and glancing-angle ion-beam etching (IBE) is proposed to controllably produce large-scale bimetallic gold\u2013silver (Au\u2013Ag) arrays with approximately 5 nm gaps. These arrays serve as exceptional surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, allowing for the ultrasensitive detection of target molecules with limits of detection (LODs) as low as 10\u201311 M for rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and 10\u20138 M for bilirubin. The bimetallic Au\u2013Ag nanogap arrays leverage the synergistic effects of gold\u2019s strong absorption and silver\u2019s superior plasmonic properties, achieving significantly enhanced electromagnetic fields compared to monolithic Au\u2013Au nanogap arrays. This cost-effective and efficient nanofabrication approach overcomes the limitations of conventional methods for fabricating binary nanostructures, providing a viable solution for developing high-sensitive and reliable SERS-based detection platforms toward chemical-\/bio-sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c00880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:01:34Z","timestamp":1789153294000},"page":"27895-27905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-Throughput\nFabrication of Bimetallic Au\u2013Ag\nAnnular Nanogap Arrays Featuring 5 nm Gaps for Surface-Enhanced Raman\nSpectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yingfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5614-9734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sihai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-9884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Normal University , , ,","place":["Urumqi, China, 830054"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9239-9279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fenggang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-4587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinyou","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07218-1","article-title":"Digital Colloid-Enhanced\nRaman Spectroscopy by Single-Molecule Counting","volume":"628","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202501894","article-title":"Chiral Bimetallic Pt@Au\nOctapods with Spiral Four-Petal Flower-Like Symmetric Configuration\nas Sensitive SERS Probes","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01860-w","article-title":"1T\u2032-Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers Stabilized\non 4H-Au Nanowires for Ultrasensitive SERS Detection","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202405186","article-title":"Boosting Light\u2013Matter Interactions in Plasmonic\nNanogaps","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-020-0171-y","article-title":"Fundamental\nUnderstanding and Applications of Plasmon-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202207447","article-title":"Inducing\nRing Complexation for Efficient Capture and Detection of Small Gaseous\nMolecules Using SERS for Environmental Surveillance","volume":"61","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8365","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00842","article-title":"Identification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Nanoplastics\nin Commercially Bottled Drinking Water Using Surface-Enhanced Raman\nSpectroscopy","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00462G","article-title":"Recent Progress\nin SERS Monitoring of Photocatalytic Reactions","volume":"53","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29337","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06192","article-title":"Impact of\nSurface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Catalysis","volume":"18","author":"Stefancu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd1827","article-title":"Determining\nStructural and Chemical Heterogeneities of Surface Species at the\nSingle-Bond Limit","volume":"371","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5454","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201908154","article-title":"Towards Reliable\nand Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): From Key\nParameters to Good Analytical Practice","volume":"59","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt9808","article-title":"Active Control of Excitonic\nStrong Coupling and Electroluminescence in Electrically Driven Plasmonic\nNanocavities","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202218055","article-title":"Semiconductor\nSERS on Colourful Substrates with Fabry-Pe\u0301rot Cavities","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100491","article-title":"Massively\nParallel Arrays of Size-Controlled Metallic\nNanogaps with Gap-Widths Down to the Sub-3-nm Level","volume":"33","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202400068","article-title":"Ready-to-Use Free-Standing\nSuper-Powder Made with Complex Nanoparticles for SERS","volume":"36","author":"Haddadnezhad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12668","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202102893","article-title":"Asymmetric\nCore\u2013Shell Gold\nNanoparticles and Controllable Assemblies for SERS Ratiometric Detection\nof MicroRNA","volume":"133","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12774","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c03804","article-title":"Tunable Subnanometer\nGaps in Self-Assembled Monolayer Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices Enabling\nStrong Plasmonic Field Confinement","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6916","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00834","article-title":"From Bulk to Single\nMolecules: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Cytochrome C Using\nPlasmonic DNA Origami Nanoantennas","volume":"24","author":"Mostafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7065","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c00188","article-title":"A Versatile DNA Origami-Based\nPlasmonic Nanoantenna for Label-Free\nSingle-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"15","author":"Tapio","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/ae2578","article-title":"Scalable and Reproducible Sub-5 Nm\nManufacturing for next-Generation Devices","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Extreme Manuf."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58842-w","article-title":"On the\nReproducibility of Electron-Beam Lithographic Fabrication of Photonic\nNanostructures","volume":"14","author":"Sahoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00682-9","article-title":"Electron Beam\nLithography on Nonplanar and Irregular Surfaces","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1021\/nl400844a","article-title":"Reaching the\nTheoretical Resonance Quality Factor Limit in Coaxial Plasmonic Nanoresonators\nFabricated by Helium Ion Lithography","volume":"13","author":"Melli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6043","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b01911","article-title":"Plasma-Etched\nPattern Transfer of\nSub-10 Nm Structures Using a Metal\u2013Organic Resist and Helium\nIon Beam Lithography","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7438","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c09930","article-title":"High-Throughput Fabrication of Triangular\nNanogap Arrays\nfor Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS\nNano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00978","article-title":"5 Nm Nanogap\nElectrodes and Arrays by Super-Resolution\nLaser Lithography","volume":"20","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21227","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c05464","article-title":"The Effect\nof Nanoparticle Composition on the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering\nPerformance of Plasmonic DNA Origami Nanoantennas","volume":"17","author":"Kanehira","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42943-7","article-title":"Accessible\nHotspots for Single-Protein SERS in DNA-Origami Assembled Gold Nanorod\nDimers with Tip-to-Tip Alignment","volume":"14","author":"Schuknecht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11228","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b06290","article-title":"Rapid Focused\nIon Beam Milling Based Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and\nAssemblies via \u201cSketch and Peel\u201d Strategy","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201909467","article-title":"Nanogap Plasmonic Structures Fabricated by Switchable\nCapillary-Force Driven Self-Assembly for Localized Sensing of Anticancer\nMedicines with Microfluidic SERS","volume":"30","author":"Lao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct.\nMater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202002549","article-title":"Reliable Patterning,\nTransfer Printing and Post-Assembly of Multiscale Adhesion-Free Metallic\nStructures for Nanogap Device Applications","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00048","article-title":"Metal-Substrate-Mediated\nPlasmon Hybridization in a Nanoparticle Dimer for Photoluminescence\nLine-Width Shrinking and Intensity Enhancement","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903693v","article-title":"Plasmon Hybridization\nin Individual Gold Nanocrystal Dimers: Direct Observation of Bright\nand Dark Modes","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8636","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c01474","article-title":"Large-Scale\nFabrication of 5 Nm Plasmonic Hybrid Nanoslit Arrays","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00341","article-title":"Stabilization\nof Silver and Gold\nNanoparticles: Preservation and Improvement of Plasmonic Functionalities","volume":"119","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b01641","article-title":"Au\u2013Ag Core\u2013Shell Nanoparticle\nArray by\nBlock Copolymer Lithography for Synergistic Broadband Plasmonic Properties","volume":"9","author":"Cha","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202302010","article-title":"Contractible Plasmonic Nanospheres\nArray with Dynamically Tailorable Gap Size for Molecule Trapping and\nSensitive SERS Detection","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23410","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c03300","article-title":"Block Copolymer\nDerived Vertically Coupled Plasmonic Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman\nSpectroscopy","volume":"12","author":"Akinoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c05211","article-title":"Hydrolytic,\nThermal,\nand Electrochemical Stability of Thiol- and Terminal Alkyne-Based\nMonolayers on Gold: A Comparative Study","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11653","article-title":"Revealing the Quantum\nRegime in Tunnelling Plasmonics","volume":"491","author":"Savage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0290-y","article-title":"Extreme Nanophotonics\nfrom Ultrathin Metallic Gaps","volume":"18","author":"Baumberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202001634","article-title":"Large-Scale Sub-1-Nm\nRandom Gaps Approaching the Quantum Upper Limit\nfor Quantitative Chemical Sensing","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Opt.\nMater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202300508","article-title":"High-Throughput Tailorable Fabrication of Long-Range\nOrdered Plasmonic\nCoaxial Multi-Circular Nano-Slit Arrays Down to 2 Nm for SERS Detection","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"2026092909094306300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6228","article-title":"Quantum Mechanical\nLimit to Plasmonic Enhancement as\nObserved by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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