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In this study, the fibrin-loaded fibrinolytic responsive interference layer was constructed using tubular SiO2\u2013TiO2 hybrid inverse opal (IO) as the scaffold and was combined with ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI) technology for real-time and rapid fibrinolysis analysis. The tubular IO prepared by the sol\u2013gel co-growth method can load more fibrin and endow them with optical interference effects. The fibrinolysis triggered by the model enzyme nattokinase leads to the migration of the interference fringes of the interference layer, which could be reflected by optical thickness changes (\u0394OT) tracked in real-time by the OPLI system. Compared with the silica colloidal crystal film with opal structure, the tubular SiO2\u2013TiO2 hybrid IO exhibited higher sensitivity and shorter detection times in fibrinolysis analysis. Furthermore, the introduction of lysine into the fibrinolytic responsive interference layer can further shorten the detection time of fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase to 10 min. Importantly, both the fibrinolytic interference sensing models with and without lysine adsorption demonstrated high reliability in fibrinolysis analysis of nattokinase-spiked whole blood samples. A parallel comparison with the thromboelastography method further validated the accuracy of this method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:48:21Z","timestamp":1788396501000},"page":"26373-26386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-Time and\nRapid Fibrinolysis Analysis Based on\nFibrin-Loaded Tubular SiO2\u2013TiO2 Hybrid\nInverse Opal"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Liming","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8170-6609","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3498-7387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi-Zhen","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4719-555X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiping","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210096"]},{"name":"OPLI (Suzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. , New District, ,","place":["Suzhou, P. R. China, 215163"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511085172100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2014.09.003","article-title":"Fibrinolysis and the control of blood coagulation","volume":"29","author":"Chapin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511085172100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14255","article-title":"Bleeding related to disturbed fibrinolysis","volume":"175","author":"Kolev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511085172100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13957","article-title":"Measuring\nfibrinolysis: from research to routine diagnostic assays","volume":"16","author":"Longstaff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thromb. 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Res."},{"key":"2026091511085172100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-017-0185-3","article-title":"Association\nof adipokines with blood pressure, arterial elasticity and cardiac\nmarkers in dialysis patients: cross-sectional analysis of baseline\ndata from a cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511085172100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.01.008","article-title":"Assays to quantify fibrinolysis:\nstrengths and limitations. Communication from the International Society\non Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee\non fibrinolysis","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thromb. 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