{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:04:54Z","timestamp":1785243894851,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025CX01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CX01003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFB4705400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB4705400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62403056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62403056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62573060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62573060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U22A2064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A2064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative, noninvasive assessment of cardiomyocyte contractility is essential for in vitro cardiac models, yet optics offer limited metrics and many quantitative approaches rely on staining or mechanical contact, restricting longitudinal and intratissue analyses. Here, we present a label-free, contactless, and in situ contractility quantification framework using an off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM) microplatform with real-time single-shot optical path difference (OPD) reconstruction. From dynamic holograms, we extract three complementary spatiotemporal waveforms: an OPD waveform for axial contractile dynamics, an optical-flow-derived waveform for in-plane directional contractility, and an energy-based intensity waveform for direction-agnostic dynamics. Across six grooved gelatin patterns, we validated structural alignment measured by immunofluorescence with holography-derived contraction directionality quantified by lock-in optical-flow metrics. We further demonstrate within-tissue studies by continuously monitoring the same region of interest (ROI) during sequential pharmacological modulation with isoproterenol followed by propranolol antagonism, and during in situ electrical pacing over a voltage\u2013frequency grid. The results reveal substrate-dependent enhancement of directional contractility, with G20\u201310 yielding consistently stronger contraction directionality and a higher work proxy. Moreover, electrical pacing produced the maximum work proxy at 7 V and 1.5 Hz under the tested conditions. This proxy was defined as a frequency-amplitude-based optical activity index, thereby validating the capability of the proposed system for label-free, in situ monitoring and comparative analysis under controlled perturbations. This work establishes a practical hologram-derived waveform analysis paradigm for high-precision, longitudinal evaluation of cardiac tissues, and is expected to enable broadly applicable, label-free functional phenotyping for in tissue engineering and cardiac organoid development, as well as scalable drug screening and stimulation-optimization workflows for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:55:07Z","timestamp":1784256907000},"page":"21387-21398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Situ Label-Free\nQuantification of Cardiomyocyte\nContraction via Holographic Microplatform"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaozhen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Zhuhai, China, 519088"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North University of China , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, China, 030051"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"North University of China , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, China, 030051"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingguang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North University of China , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, China, 030051"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8440-3402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100081"]},{"name":"North University of China , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, China, 030051"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"2026072808074515600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200217","article-title":"Programming\nCellular Alignment in\nEngineered Cardiac Tissue via Bioprinting Anisotropic Organ Building\nBlocks","volume":"34","author":"Ahrens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072808074515600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301338","article-title":"Engineering Cardiac\nTissue for Advanced Heart-On-A-Chip Platforms","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072808074515600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01591-3","article-title":"Challenges and Opportunities for\nthe next Generation of Cardiovascular\nTissue Engineering","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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Nanoeng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072808074515600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00751-z","article-title":"Microfluidic Platforms for Monitoring Cardiomyocyte\nElectromechanical Activity","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microsyst. 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Eng.\nJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072808074515600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2024.102029","article-title":"Research on Traditional\nand Deep Learning Strategies Based on Optical Flow Estimation-a Review","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072808074515600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10159-8","article-title":"Optical Flow for Video\nSuper-Resolution: A Survey","volume":"55","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"2026072808074515600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Sun, L.; Wang, H.; Shi, Q.; Huang, Q.; Wang, H. In  Holographic Feedback\nControlled Micro-Stereolithography for Constructing Microstructures\nwith Tuned Mechanical Property, 2024 7th International Symposium\non Autonomous Systems (ISAS); IEEE: Chongqing, China, 2024; pp 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISAS61044.2024.10552462"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072808074515600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2021.3081769","article-title":"Holographic Display-Based\nControl for High-Accuracy Photolithography of Cellular Micro-Scaffold\nWith Heterogeneous Architecture","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans.\nMechatron."},{"issue":"6581","key":"2026072808074515600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh0474","article-title":"An Autonomously\nSwimming Biohybrid Fish Designed with\nHuman Cardiac Biophysics","volume":"375","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026072808074515600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121351","article-title":"Aligned Human Induced Pluripotent\nStem Cell-Derived Cardiac Tissue Improves Contractile Properties through\nPromoting Unidirectional and Synchronous Cardiomyocyte Contraction","volume":"281","author":"Takada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072808074515600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-025-00878-5","article-title":"Coordination\nof Cardiogenesis in\nVivo and in Vitro","volume":"27","author":"Mendjan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026072808074515600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117294","article-title":"Real-Time Cardiomyocyte Contraction\nSensing via a Neo-Flexible Magnetic\nSensor","volume":"277","author":"Quan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072808074515600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90150-3","article-title":"Vagally Mediated\nHeart Rate Recovery after Exercise Is Accelerated in Athletes but\nBlunted in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"24","author":"Imai","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072808074515600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52191-y","article-title":"Cell Swelling\nEnhances Ligand-Driven \u03b2-Adrenergic\nSignaling","volume":"15","author":"Sirbu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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