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The structural features of these ligands were characterized using molecular descriptors, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on their structural features. A multiple linear regression model (MLR) was then established to quantitatively describe the relationship between DNAFLs and the Fc segment. Guided by the structure of a template, the ligand sequences were truncated to optimize their architectures, key binding sites were identified, and random mutations were introduced at specific positions to construct a candidate DNAFL library. The affinities of the ligands in the library were predicted using the model and subsequently validated experimentally, ultimately yielding a high-affinity DNAFL (HA-DNAFL) with an approximately 5-fold improvement in binding affinity. Furthermore, this study achieved oriented immobilization of antibodies onto the BLI sensing interface using the evolved HA-DNAFL and constructed an immunosensor for the detection of abrin. The limit of detection was 4-fold and 16-fold lower than those obtained using conventional oriented and non-oriented immobilization methods, respectively, demonstrating superior detection performance. Collectively, the HA-DNAFL obtained through evolutionary screening in this work not only serves as a novel material for oriented antibody immobilization but also holds significant promise for the development and application of advanced, high-performance immunosensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:02:11Z","timestamp":1789488131000},"page":"27937-27949","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary\nScreening of High-Affinity DNA Functional\nLigands for the IgG Fc Segment Based on MLR Models and Their Application\nin Toxin Detection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sida","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8837-5381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 102205"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092909095848100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338907","article-title":"Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies\nonto Sensing Platforms - A Critical Review","volume":"1189","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. 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