{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:42:14Z","timestamp":1792784534716,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["20240305030YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240305030YY"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission","award":["2024C011-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C011-5"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22406022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22406022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22474017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22474017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exosomal microRNAs (Exo-miRNAs) are promising liquid-biopsy biomarkers for noninvasive cancer detection; yet due to their short length, low abundance, and high sequence homology, the determination of Exo-miRNAs suffers from insufficient sensitivity, limited multiplexing, and operational complexity, impeding their high-throughput clinical applications. Here, we introduce an in-capillary integrated inline analytical platform specifically tailored for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-derived Exo-miRNAs. The platform combines four functions within a single capillary: (i) tumor-specific exosome capture via an \u03b1-fetoprotein (AFP) aptamer, (ii) isothermal signal amplification using catalytic hairpin assembly coupled with exonuclease III (CHA-ExoIII), (iii) capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation, and (iv) laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Through bioinformatic analysis, AFP is identified as a selective membrane marker, enabling direct in-column enrichment of HCC exosomes from complex samples without labor-intensive isolation. Differential expression of miR-21, miR-223, and miR-122 in HCC cells and their exosomes validated a combined diagnostic panel. CHA-ExoIII amplification achieved femtomolar sensitivity, while CE-LIF provided rapid, high-resolution quantification of multiple targets in a single run. The results confirm the platform\u2019s suitability for distinguishing HCC-derived exosomes from normal counterparts in complex biological matrices. The streamlined in-capillary workflow presented in the study, i.e., exosome capture, nucleic-acid amplification, CE separation and LIF detection, combined with a commercial kit-based exosome extraction step prior to analysis, would pave the way to sensitive, selective and rapid solutions for early tumor screening and liquid-biopsy analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:20:03Z","timestamp":1788459603000},"page":"27964-27975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-Capillary\nIntegrated CE-LIF Platform with Bioinformatics-Guided\nExosome Capture and Isothermal Amplification for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed\nDetection of HCC-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Shenping","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Normal University , , 5268 Renmin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin Province, China, 130024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University of Chemical Technology , 45 Chengde Street , , ,","place":["Jilin City, Jilin Province, China, 132022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihe","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Normal University , , 5268 Renmin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin Province, China, 130024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Normal University , , 5268 Renmin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin Province, China, 130024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6723-7377","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Normal University , , 5268 Renmin Street , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin Province, China, 130024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683799","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1683799","article-title":"Targeting\ncancer via macrophage-derived exosomal miRNAs: implications for tumor\nprogression and resistance","volume":"16","author":"Ramalingam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03727","article-title":"Ultramultiplex NaLnF4 nanosatellites combined\nwith ICP-MS for exosomal multi-miRNA analysis and cancer classification","volume":"94","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s13206-023-00108-0","article-title":"The detection of urinary\nexosomal miRNAs for cancer diagnostics and prognostics","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioChip J."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c02619","article-title":"Electrochemical\nbiosensors for the detection of exosomal microRNA\nbiomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"97","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi1556","article-title":"Simultaneous\nsubset tracing and miRNA\nprofiling of tumor-derived exosomes via dual-surface-protein orthogonal\nbarcoding","volume":"9","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113864","article-title":"Detection\nof multiplex exosomal miRNAs for clinically accurate diagnosis of\nalzheimer\u2019s disease using label-free plasmonic biosensor based\non DNA-assembled advanced plasmonic architecture","volume":"199","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123306","article-title":"DNA barcode-based\ndetection of exosomal microRNAs using\nnucleic acid lateral flow assays for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer","volume":"242","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111749","article-title":"Simultaneous\nmultiplexed detection\nof exosomal microRNAs and surface proteins for prostate cancer diagnosis","volume":"146","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c04883","article-title":"DNA logical device\ncombining an entropy-driven catalytic amplification strategy for the\nsimultaneous detection of exosomal multiplex miRNAs in situ","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.11.092","article-title":"Simultaneous and\nmultiplex detection of exosomal microRNAs\nbased on the asymmetric Au@Au@Ag probes with enhanced Raman signal","volume":"33","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117460","article-title":"\u201cSample-in, result-out\u201d liquid biopsy chip based on\nimmunomagnetic separation and CRISPR detection for multiplex analysis\nof exosomal microRNAs","volume":"280","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17834","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03914","article-title":"Integrating reliable\nPt\u2013S bond-mediated 3D DNA nanomachine\nwith magnetic separation in a homogeneous electrochemical strategy\nfor exosomal microRNA detection with low background and high sensitivity","volume":"95","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13522","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02821","article-title":"Piezotronic\neffect-assisted photoelectrochemical exosomal microRNA monitoring\nbased on an electron donor self-supplying strategy","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.125145","article-title":"All-in-one\nnanoflare biosensor combined with catalyzed hairpin assembly amplification\nfor in situ and sensitive exosomal miRNA detection and cancer classification","volume":"266","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117354","article-title":"An Au-Se bond-based fluorescent nanoprobe\nfor thermophoretic aggregation\nimaging of exosomal miRNAs","volume":"278","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15151153","article-title":"Plasmonic nanostructures for exosome\nbiosensing: enabling high-sensitivity diagnostics","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7799","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00857","article-title":"Capillary\nelectrophoresis: a three-year literature review","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.116992","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis as a simple and low-cost\nanalytical tool for use in money-constrained situations","volume":"160","author":"Van Schepdael","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2020.2872","article-title":"Direct magnetic\nbead-based extraction of microRNA from urine with capillary electrophoretic\nanalysis using fluorescence detection and universal label","volume":"16","author":"Smerkova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117061","article-title":"Kinetic\ncapillary electrophoresis\nin screening oligonucleotide libraries for protein binders","volume":"162","author":"Le","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18847","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03911","article-title":"Nonequilibrium\ncapillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM)-enabled\nmechanistic analysis of cooperative binding: application to c-reactive\nprotein\u2013SOMAmer complexes","volume":"97","author":"Le","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.343945","article-title":"Surfactant-based\ncoatings for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis - a review","volume":"1356","author":"Prakobdi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121263","article-title":"Comparison\nof capillary electrophoresis and zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction\ncapillary liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry\ndetection for the analysis of microRNA biomarkers","volume":"219","author":"Va\u0301sconez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14251","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c03605","article-title":"Necessity\nand challenges of sample preconcentration in analysis of multiple\nmicroRNAs by capillary electrophoresis","volume":"92","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128610","article-title":"Gel-free capillary\nzone electrophoresis at acidic pH for micro DNA and RNA analysis","volume":"297","author":"Haglo\u0308f","year":"2026","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22809","article-title":"Practical magnetic\nbead-based capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence\nfor detecting endogenous miRNA in plasma","volume":"9","author":"Ban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126850","article-title":"An enzyme-free and\nlabel-free multiplex detection of miRNAs by entropy-driven circuit\ncoupled with capillary electrophoresis","volume":"281","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010051","article-title":"Biocatalytic amplification of UV\nsignal in capillary electrophoresis\nof microRNA","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.23479","article-title":"Rapid multiplexed\ndetection of the let-7 miRNA family using \u03b3PNA amphiphiles in\nmicelle-tagging electrophoresis","volume":"113","author":"Goldman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338281","article-title":"Ultrasensitive multiplexed detection of miRNA targets of interest\nbased on encoding probe extension in improved cDNA library","volume":"1152","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117058","article-title":"In-line\nmicroextraction techniques to improve the sensitivity and selectivity\nof capillary electrophoresis using commercial instruments","volume":"163","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15552","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15552","article-title":"Screening\nand identifying a novel ssDNA aptamer against alpha-fetoprotein using\nCE-SELEX","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9252","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c00233","article-title":"Open tubular capillary\nelectrochromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of underivatized\namino acid enantiomers with a porous layer-gold nanoparticle-modified\nchiral column","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126631","article-title":"In-line RNA-based microreactor direct\nmass spectrometry for ultrasensitive\nand rapid assay of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity","volume":"279","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.11.028","article-title":"Trapping magnetic\nnanoparticles for in-line capillary electrophoresis in a liquid based\ncapillary coolant system","volume":"164","author":"Ramana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.01.024","article-title":"Highly uniform porous\nsilica layer open-tubular capillary columns\nproduced via in-situ biphasic sol\u2013Gel processing for open-tubular\ncapillary electrochromatography","volume":"1538","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr.\nA"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00270","article-title":"Dual-aptamer recognition\nof DNA logic gate sensor-based specific exosomal proteins for ovarian\ncancer diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0987-8","article-title":"Proteomics\nidentifies new therapeutic\ntargets of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"567","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026092909092385100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12100","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b03427","article-title":"Multivalency\ninterface and g-C3N4 coated liquid metal nanoprobe\nsignal amplification for sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence\ndetection of exosomes and their surface proteins","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026092909092385100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23584","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c06604","article-title":"Nanoprojectile\nsecondary ion mass spectrometry enables multiplexed analysis of individual\nhepatic extracellular vesicles","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026092909092385100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5962","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN01061A","article-title":"Microsphere mediated exosome isolation\nand ultra-sensitive\ndetection on a dielectrophoresis integrated microfluidic device","volume":"146","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S423043","article-title":"A single-step immunocapture assay to quantify HCC exosomes using\nthe highly sensitive fluorescence nanoparticle-tracking analysis","volume":"10","author":"Koksal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatocell. Carcinoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909092385100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6c00258","article-title":"DNA tetrahedron-mediated sensing platform on a single gold nanowire:\nspecial signal amplification, self-referencing capability, and cross-validated\nexosome detection for liver cancer liquid biopsy","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909092385100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2018.01.09","article-title":"In vivo fluorescence imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma using a\nnovel GPC3-specific aptamer probe","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quant. Imag.\nMed. Surg."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0702084","article-title":"Determination of\nsize and concentration of gold nanoparticles from UV\u2013vis spectra","volume":"79","author":"Haiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026092909092385100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128441","article-title":"Ultrasensitive\nand multiplexed microRNA analysis: integrated RNA microreactor-capillary\nelectrophoresis-mass spectrometry platform","volume":"296","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092909092385100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100353","article-title":"Influence of immobilized biomolecules\non magnetic bead plug formation and retention in capillary electrophoresis","volume":"33","author":"Henken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01873","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/38\/27964\/68244286\/acs.analchem.6c01873.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/38\/27964\/68244286\/acs.analchem.6c01873.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:37:03Z","timestamp":1790689023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/38\/27964\/5409116\/In-Capillary-Integrated-CE-LIF-Platform-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c01873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}