{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:16:10Z","timestamp":1788218170680,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19ZR1471200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19ZR1471200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21976030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21976030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22006020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22006020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22176036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22176036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The detection of nanoplastics smaller than 200 nm is critical because of their potential to cross biological barriers, yet it remains a significant analytical challenge in complex environmental matrices due to weak signals and matrix interference. Here, we developed an ordered silver-coated inverted pyramid array, termed the Ag-iPyramid substrate, as a reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for high-fidelity single-particle analysis of sub-200 nm nanoplastics. Systematic comparisons showed that Ag-iPyramid produced substantially higher signal-to-noise ratios, apparent single-particle enhancement ratios, and spectral matching scores than Au- and Cu-coated counterparts. Finite-difference time-domain simulations further showed that Ag generated the strongest local electric-field confinement within the inverted-pyramid cavity, consistent with the experimental performance ranking of Ag &amp;gt; Au &amp;gt; Cu. Beyond SERS enhancement, the Ag-iPyramid platform enabled high-quality detection of individual 100 nm polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics. When applied to real samples, the platform identified PS nanoplastics released from disposable food containers with a minimum Feret diameter of \u223c140 nm and topographical heights of \u223c22\u201345 nm. In authentic rainwater, the platform further resolved a polyethylene (PE) particle, a nylon-like nanoplastic (\u223c188 nm), and polyethylene-like (PE-like) particles in the sub-150 nm size range. These results demonstrate that Ag-iPyramid provides a robust strategy for the single-particle characterization of sub-200 nm plastics, bridging a crucial gap in monitoring the smallest and potentially most hazardous fraction of plastic pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c02099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:01:48Z","timestamp":1786341708000},"page":"24143-24154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ag-iPyramid\nSERS Enables Single-Particle Detection\nof Sub-200 nm Nanoplastics in Real Samples"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Minglu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China, 266100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China , , ,","place":["Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China, 266100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , Clayton, , ,","place":["Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4340-764X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-8660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liwu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200433"]},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , ,","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026083118445461400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00888-2","article-title":"Placing Nanoplastics in the Context\nof Global Plastic Pollution","volume":"16","author":"Mitrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083118445461400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15611","article-title":"River Plastic Emissions to the World\u2019s Oceans","volume":"8","author":"Lebreton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083118445461400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17932-9","article-title":"High Concentrations of Plastic Hidden beneath the Surface\nof the Atlantic Ocean","volume":"11","author":"Pabortsava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083118445461400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08209","article-title":"Shape Matters:\nLong-Range Transport\nof Microplastic Fibers in the Atmosphere","volume":"58","author":"Tatsii","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026083118445461400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8036","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01452","article-title":"Microplastics\nin the Coral Reef Systems from Xisha Islands of South China Sea","volume":"53","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026083118445461400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06003","article-title":"Microplastics in Swiss\nFloodplain Soils","volume":"52","author":"Scheurer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026083118445461400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04850","article-title":"Underestimated\nMicroplastic Pollution Derived from\nFishery Activities and \u201cHidden\u201d in Deep Sediment","volume":"54","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Bull."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.015","article-title":"Pigments\nand Plastic in Limnetic\nEcosystems: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Microparticles\nof Different Size Classes","volume":"98","author":"Imhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.10.010","article-title":"Raman Microspectroscopy\nas a Tool for Microplastic\nParticle Analysis","volume":"109","author":"Anger","year":"2018","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115658","article-title":"Identification and\nVisualisation of Microplastics\/Nanoplastics by\nRaman Imaging (i): Down to 100 nm","volume":"174","author":"Sobhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026083118445461400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13794","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0687908","article-title":"Surface\nEnhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement Factors: A Comprehensive Study","volume":"111","author":"Le Ru","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121552","article-title":"Identification\nof Polystyrene Nanoplastics\nUsing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"221","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083118445461400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07416","article-title":"Strategies and Challenges\nof Identifying Nanoplastics in Environment by Surface-Enhanced Raman\nSpectroscopy","volume":"57","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Eng. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026083118445461400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06836-w","article-title":"Detection of Micro-\nand Nanoplastic Particles in Leafy Green Vegetables by SERS Coupled\nwith Gold-Silver Core\u2013Shell Nanoparticles","volume":"191","author":"Kousheh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026083118445461400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c04442","article-title":"Ionic Liquid-Assisted\nThermal Evaporation of Bimetallic Ag\u2013Au Nanoparticle Films\nas a Highly Reproducible SERS Substrate for Sensitive Nanoplastic\nDetection in Complex Environments","volume":"96","author":"Carreo\u0301n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1242797","article-title":"Detection of Environmental Nanoplastics\nvia Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using High-Density, Ring-Shaped\nNanogap Arrays","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026083118445461400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113888","article-title":"Trapping Tiny\nPollutants: SERS-Driven\nStrategies for Microplastics and Nanoplastics Detection","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.104940","article-title":"Recent Advancements in SERS-Based\nDetection of Micro- and Nanoplastics\nin Food and Beverages: Techniques, Instruments, and Machine Learning\nIntegration","volume":"159","author":"Kousheh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2021.100096","article-title":"Sensitive and Rapid\nDetection of Trace Microplastics Concentrated\nthrough Au-Nanoparticle-Decorated Sponge on the Basis of Surface-Enhanced\nRaman Spectroscopy","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026083118445461400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8365","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00842","article-title":"Identification\nof Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Nanoplastics\nin Commercially Bottled Drinking Water Using Surface-Enhanced Raman\nSpectroscopy","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135218","article-title":"Flexible Multiscale\nCavity with Omnidirectionality and High Stability for In-Site SERS\nDetection of Nanoplastics on Oyster","volume":"403","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators,\nB"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026083118445461400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EN00945A","article-title":"Nanowell-Enhanced\nRaman Spectroscopy\nEnables the Visualization and Quantification of Nanoplastics in the\nEnvironment","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339516","article-title":"Detecting the Release of Plastic\nParticles in Packaged Drinking Water\nunder Simulated Light Irradiation Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"1198","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2021.08.044","article-title":"The Onset of Surface-Enhanced Raman\nScattering for\nSingle-Particle Detection of Submicroplastics","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026083118445461400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15594","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02317","article-title":"Surface-Enhanced\nRaman Spectroscopy Facilitates the Detection of Microplastics &lt;\n1 \u03bcm in the Environment","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026083118445461400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-022-1578-8","article-title":"V-Shaped Substrate\nfor Surface and Volume Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Microplastics","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026083118445461400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3390\/microplastics1020019","article-title":"The Raman\nSpectroscopy Approach to Different Freshwater\nMicroplastics and Quantitative Characterization of Polyethylene Aged\nin the Environment","volume":"1","author":"Rytelewska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microplastics"},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118960","article-title":"Mechanistic Toxicity Assessment of\nDifferently Sized and Charged Polystyrene Nanoparticles Based on Human\nPlacental Cells","volume":"223","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026083118445461400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EN01017E","article-title":"A Perspective on\nthe Potential Impact of Microplastics\nand Nanoplastics on the Human Central Nervous System","volume":"12","author":"Moiniafshari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. 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