{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1790690915511,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22376218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22376218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22476214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22476214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22676260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22676260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["24CX03011A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CX03011A"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["25CX02013A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25CX02013A"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholarship of Shandong Province","award":["tstp202607056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp202607056"]}]},{"name":"Natural Scientific Foundation of Shandong","award":["ZR2025ZD25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025ZD25"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Qingdao Natural Scientific Foundation","award":["24-8-4-zrjj-9-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-8-4-zrjj-9-jch"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of procalcitonin is crucial for the early diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, yet conventional gold-nanoparticle-based lateral flow assays (AuNP-LFAs) are often limited by insufficient sensitivity. Herein, we report a dual-mode colorimetric-fluorescence LFA platform employing Ag@SiO2@RuBpy core-shell NPs that harnesses plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) to achieve markedly improved analytical performance. The nanoprobes consist of an Ag NP as the plasmonic core, a tunable SiO2 spacer layer to precisely control the fluorophore\u2013metal separation, and an outer RuBpy-doped silica shell serving as the fluorescent emitter. Systematic distance-dependent optimization reveals a maximum fluorescence enhancement factor of 16.2 at an optimal spacer thickness of \u223c7 nm, attributed to the synergistic amplification of excitation rate and radiative decay induced by localized surface plasmon resonance. Theoretical simulations further support the experimentally observed optimal spacer thickness. The resulting PEF nanoprobes exhibit robust stability against pH extremes, high ionic strength, and prolonged illumination, enabling reliable signal generation in complex biological matrices. The PEF-LFA achieves a detection limit of 0.196 ng\/mL, representing a 255-fold improvement over a conventional AuNP-LFA. The assay further demonstrates good specificity, reproducibility, and reliable performance in clinical samples. This work provides a generalizable strategy for the rational design of PEF-enabled nanoprobes and establishes a high-performance PEF-LFA platform for early diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c02769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:01:44Z","timestamp":1789473704000},"page":"28017-28025","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasmon-Enhanced\nFluorescence Lateral Flow Assay Using\nSilica-Spaced Ag@SiO2@RuBpy Nanoprobes for Ultrasensitive\nand Dual-Mode Procalcitonin Detection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dangdang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University , , ,","place":["Kaifeng, China, 475004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6179-8867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingbin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-Ying","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8844","key":"2026092909100531800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90277-N","article-title":"High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients\nwith sepsis and infection","volume":"341","author":"Assicot","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092909100531800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70323-7","article-title":"Procalcitonin\nas a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2026092909100531800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111871","article-title":"Fiber optic\nnanogold-linked immunosorbent\nassay for rapid detection of procalcitonin at femtomolar concentration\nlevel","volume":"151","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092909100531800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0345","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0345","article-title":"Progress in\nProcalcitonin Detection\nBased on Immunoassay","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"2026092909100531800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5039","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CS00963D","article-title":"Advances in intelligent multi-mode\nlateral flow assays: from multi-metallic nanomaterials to smart analytical\nintegration","volume":"55","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909100531800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100275d","article-title":"Controlling\nthe synthesis\nand assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications","volume":"111","author":"Rycenga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. 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Funct.\nMater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026092909100531800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13365","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.0c03415","article-title":"Critical Role\nof Shell in Enhanced Fluorescence of Metal-Dielectric Core-Shell Nanoparticles","volume":"124","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909100531800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c09793","article-title":"Adhesive SiO2 Layer-Protected Premium\nTransparent AgNWs Deposited on Flexible Substrates","volume":"10","author":"Alenizi","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026092909100531800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11618","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc15304h","article-title":"Core-shell\nAg@SiO2@mSiO2 mesoporous nanocarriers for metal-enhanced\nfluorescence","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026092909100531800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN01079E","article-title":"Plasmon-enhanced\noptical sensors:\na review","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analyst"}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c02769","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/38\/28017\/68508447\/acs.analchem.6c02769.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/38\/28017\/68508447\/acs.analchem.6c02769.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:43:40Z","timestamp":1790689420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/38\/28017\/5429830\/Plasmon-Enhanced-Fluorescence-Lateral-Flow-Assay"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c02769","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}