{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:43:27Z","timestamp":1792784607054,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22125405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22125405"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22274008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22274008"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22474126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22474126"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are critical evidence in forensic science, yet their identification usually requires specialized visualization methods that are strongly influenced by the properties of the substrates on which they are deposited. Achieving noninvasive and highly reproducible visualization of LFPs remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the visualization of LFPs on graphite paper (GP) using highly surface-sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging. The imaging mechanism relies on the localized electrochemical inertness of lipid residues on fingerprint ridges, which spatially confines ECL emission to the furrows (uncovered regions), thereby generating a high-contrast negative image with dark ridges against a bright background. In addition, owing to its excellent flexibility and strong lipid-binding capability, GP can serve as both a conductive imaging substrate and a transfer medium for lifting LFP residues from a wide variety of objects, followed by direct ECL visualization without additional treatment, greatly expanding the applicability of this method for personal identification. By further integrating artificial intelligence, we developed an ECL fingerprint identification system that includes database construction, model training, and fingerprint matching, ultimately enabling highly accurate identification of LFPs transferred from 15 types of contact surfaces with matching confidence values greater than 0.94.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:02:06Z","timestamp":1788771726000},"page":"26661-26670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial\nIntelligence-Assisted Electrochemiluminescence\nIdentification of Latent Fingerprints"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3491-9324","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yidan","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310027"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-7054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yafeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6082-8438","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meiqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-2279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"574","key":"2026091511073336100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/022605a0","article-title":"On the Skin-Furrows\nof the Hand","volume":"22","author":"Faulds","year":"1880","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091511073336100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2307\/1147154","article-title":"The Analysis\nof Dust Traces. Part I","volume":"1","author":"Locard","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am. J. Police. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511073336100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2307\/1147186","article-title":"The Analysis of\nDust Traces. Part II","volume":"1","author":"Locard","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am. J. Police. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511073336100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2307\/1147228","article-title":"The Analysis\nof Dust Traces. Part III","volume":"1","author":"Locard","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am. J. Police. Sci."},{"key":"2026091511073336100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.01.046","article-title":"The Permanence of Friction\nRidge Skin and Persistence of Friction Ridge Skin and Impressions:\nA Comprehensive Review and New Results","volume":"297","author":"Monson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic\nSci. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511073336100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6336(02)80005-5","article-title":"Structure\nand Function of Human Sweat Glands Studied with Histochemistry and\nCytochemistry","volume":"37","author":"Saga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511073336100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202200091","article-title":"Recent Progress in Visualization and Analysis of Fingerprint\nLevel 3 Features","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemistryOpen"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511073336100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1403","article-title":"The Forensic\nExploitation\nof Fingermark Chemistry: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Bleay","year":"2021","journal-title":"WIREs Forensic\nSci."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026091511073336100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37265","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c06658","article-title":"Particle Size-Tunable\nPolydopamine Nanoparticles for\nOptical and Electrochemical Imaging of Latent Fingerprints on Various\nSurfaces","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"27","key":"2026091511073336100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503317","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503317","article-title":"Precision\nNanoconfined Self-Assembly of ACQ Carbon\nDots for Enhanced Solid-State Fluorescence","volume":"12","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026091511073336100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12859","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b02631","article-title":"Visualization\nof Latent Fingermarks by Enhanced Chemiluminescence\nImmunoassay and Pattern Recognition","volume":"91","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. 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Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511073336100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2022.2057590","article-title":"Using a Large-Scale Cyanoacrylate\nFuming Chamber for Latent Fingermark Detection in Vehicles","volume":"55","author":"Barros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. J. Forensic Sc."},{"issue":"4401","key":"2026091511073336100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/173449a0","article-title":"Detection of Fingerprints by the\nNinhydrin Reaction","volume":"173","author":"Ode\u0301n","year":"1954","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"46","key":"2026091511073336100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12609","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201404416","article-title":"Immunological\nMultimetal Deposition for Rapid Visualization of Sweat Fingerprints","volume":"53","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. 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Acta"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511073336100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2040(20)60059-7","article-title":"Chemical Imaging\nof Fingerprint on RMB Banknotes Using Time-of-Flight\nSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anal.\nChem."},{"issue":"5890","key":"2026091511073336100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157199","article-title":"Latent\nFingerprint\nChemical Imaging by Mass Spectrometry","volume":"321","author":"Ifa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511073336100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2806-9","article-title":"Detection of Illicit\nSubstances in Fingerprints by Infrared Spectral Imaging","volume":"394","author":"Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091511073336100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04757-w","article-title":"Surface-Enhanced\nRaman Imaging Through\nSprayed Probes for the Application in Chemical Visualization of Methamphetamine\nwithin Fingerprints","volume":"415","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026091511073336100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7238","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c00389","article-title":"Chemical-Based Surface\nPlasmon Resonance Imaging of Fingerprints","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026091511073336100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2023.117526","article-title":"Electrochemical\nDeposition of Copper Films to Develop the Latent Sebaceous Fingerprints\non Metal Substrates","volume":"941","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511073336100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00507-2","article-title":"Vacuum Metal Deposition:\nDeveloping Latent Fingerprints on Polyethylene Substrates after the\nDeposition of Excess Gold","volume":"123","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"49","key":"2026091511073336100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12224","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201205259","article-title":"Visualization of Latent Fingermarks by Nanotechnology: Reversed Development\non Paper\u2500A Remedy to the Variation in Sweat Composition","volume":"51","author":"Jaber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"3634","key":"2026091511073336100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1126\/science.145.3634.808","article-title":"Chemiluminescence\nResulting from Electrochemically Generated Species","volume":"145","author":"Hercules","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091511073336100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202521654","article-title":"From Microscale to\nNanoscale Shadow Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy","volume":"65","author":"Gou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511073336100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1021\/acselectrochem.5c00086","article-title":"Measuring and Regulating the Reaction Layer for Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence\nAnalysis","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Electrochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511073336100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1021\/cbmi.5c00252","article-title":"Recent Advances in\nElectrochemiluminescence Imaging Applications","volume":"4","author":"Rong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Biomed. Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511073336100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202420184","article-title":"Remote On-Paper\nElectrochemiluminescence-Based High-Safety and Multilevel Information\nEncryption","volume":"64","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026091511073336100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22681","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c04037","article-title":"Dual-Pathway Enhanced Single-Molecule Electrochemiluminescence\nImaging of T Cell Early Activation Biomarkers","volume":"97","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026091511073336100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16026","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c04250","article-title":"Gold Microbeads Enabled Proximity\nElectrochemiluminescence\nfor Highly Sensitive and Size-Encoded Multiplex Immunoassays","volume":"145","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026091511073336100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202407588","article-title":"Electrochemiluminescence\nMicroscopy","volume":"63","author":"Knezevic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026091511073336100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.8508105","article-title":"Localized Accumulation of Tri-n-Propylamine Prolongs Electrochemiluminescence for Tumor\nModel Spheroid Analysis","volume":"65","author":"Gupta","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int.\nEd."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026091511073336100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8068","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201203815","article-title":"Imaging Latent Fingerprints\nby Electrochemiluminescence","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int.\nEd."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511073336100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/8\/6\/017","article-title":"Some Observations on Fingerprint Deposits","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511073336100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01217.x","article-title":"High Resolution\nImaging of Latent\nFingerprints by Localized Corrosion on Brass Surfaces","volume":"55","author":"Goddard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026091511073336100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11769","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101467","article-title":"Spatially Selective\nImaging of Cell-Matrix and Cell-Cell Junctions\nby Electrochemiluminescence","volume":"60","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int.\nEd."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511073336100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3418285","article-title":"A Novel Multi-task Tensor Correlation\nNeural Network for Facial Attribute Prediction","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511073336100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0267-9","article-title":"Deep Learning\nin Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Strack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026091511073336100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf784.4483","article-title":"Prospective Validation\nof an Ensemble Deep Learning Algorithm for Detecting Structural Heart\nDisease Using Real-World 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Images","volume":"46","author":"Aminorroaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091511073336100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04499-w","article-title":"Fingerprint Pattern Identification and Classification\nApproach Based on Convolutional Neural Networks","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/36\/26661\/68401141\/acs.analchem.6c03085.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/36\/26661\/68401141\/acs.analchem.6c03085.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:52:22Z","timestamp":1789487542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/36\/26661\/5422225\/Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}}}