{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:43:24Z","timestamp":1792784604188,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22174041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22174041"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22574047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22574047"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sweat is rich in various biomarkers, including metabolites, hormones, and inorganic ions, and thus, it provides a wealth of physiological information. The real-time monitoring of these biomarkers preserves critical dynamic physiological data, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of the health status. For a sensor, it is desirable to maintain a strong affinity between the recognition probe and the targets while retaining reversible binding. However, these two properties are often mutually contradictory since strong affinity usually gives rise to slow or irreversible dissociation. To address this issue, we developed a microfluidic chip integrated with a chronosampling function. It can collect sweat at different time points, achieving the dynamic detection of cortisol levels in sweat. The chip was integrated with a series of valves prepared with filter paper containing polymers of varying concentrations. These polymers in valves were dissolved in sweat and sequentially opened, allowing the collection and detection of sweat samples from distinct periods. The sampling temporal window spans 0\u201390 min, generally meeting the requirements for sweat monitoring during most exercises. Additionally, the partitioned design of the main and branch channels in the microfluidic chip effectively prevents cross-contamination among the sweat samples. This wearable microfluidic chip successfully detected sweat cortisol at different time points during the volunteer exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1788436582000},"page":"26690-26698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wearable Microfluidic\nChip Integrated with Chrono-Sampling\nfor Cortisol Detection in Sweat"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Luan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5675-2934","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingze","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4424-4814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongliu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University , , , ,","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7337-0999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2890-682X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-7140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaohai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9390-4938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kemin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410082"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511071426700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c01530","article-title":"Wearable Sensors:\nAn ACS Sensors Special Issue","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026091511071426700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx6491","article-title":"Stressomic:\nA Wearable Microfluidic Biosensor for Dynamic Profiling of Multiple\nStress Hormones in Sweat","volume":"11","author":"Tu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511071426700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-025-00394-3","article-title":"Integrated\nHydrogel Microneedle Aptamer\nSensor for Wearable Insulin Monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Garg","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. Bioeng."},{"key":"2026091511071426700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118551","article-title":"Wearable Fluorescent\nSensors for Healthcare Monitoring: A Review of Recent Advances, Challenges\nand Opportunities","volume":"194","author":"Cai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511071426700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03396","article-title":"Emerging Multifunctional\nWearable Sensors: Integrating\nMultimodal Sweat Analysis and Advanced Material Technologies for next-Generation\nHealth Monitoring","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511071426700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.110884","article-title":"A Wearable Electrochemical\nBiosensor Based on Antifouling and Conducting\nPolyaniline Hydrogel for Cortisol Detection in Sweat","volume":"36","author":"Qiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071426700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63510-2","article-title":"All-Flexible\nChronoepifluidic Nanoplasmonic Patch for Label-Free Metabolite Profiling\nin Sweat","volume":"16","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511071426700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601355","article-title":"Thin, Soft,\nSkin-Mounted Microfluidic Networks with Capillary Bursting Valves\nfor Chrono-Sampling of Sweat","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc.\nMater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511071426700_cit9","first-page":"571","article-title":"Concerns\nRegarding Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Chronic Stress in Exercise\nand Sport Science","volume":"11","author":"Gerber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"issue":"s2","key":"2026091511071426700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01192.x","article-title":"Preventing\nOvertraining in Athletes in High-Intensity Sports and Stress\/Recovery\nMonitoring","volume":"20","author":"Kellmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511071426700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03637","article-title":"Continuous\nProtein Sensing Using Fast-Dissociating Antibody Fragments in Competition-Based\nBiosensing by Particle Motion","volume":"10","author":"Michielsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071426700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c03612","article-title":"Effects of Aptamer-Functionalized Multivalent DNA Nanostructures\non Small-Molecule Detection in Wearable Sweat Sensors","volume":"11","author":"Luan","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511071426700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c01676","article-title":"Do Reversible\nSensors Require Reversible Interactions?","volume":"7","author":"Bakker","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS\nSens."},{"issue":"4996","key":"2026091511071426700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2000492","article-title":"Chemical Sensors Based on Controlled-Release\nPolymer\nSystems","volume":"251","author":"Walt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071426700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-023-00275-y","article-title":"Skin-Interfaced\nColorimetric Microfluidic\nDevices for on-Demand Sweat Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Flex\nElectron."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071426700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18238-6","article-title":"A Programmable\nEpidermal Microfluidic Valving System for Wearable Biofluid Management\nand Contextual Biomarker Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071426700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s44460-025-00005-z","article-title":"Wearable Lateral\nFlow Assays for Cortisol Monitoring with Time-Dynamic Sweat Sampling\nand Sensing by Electrochromic Timers","volume":"1","author":"Cho","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Sens."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091511071426700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c01669","article-title":"A Soft Wearable Microfluidic Patch with Finger-Actuated\nPumps and Valves for on-Demand, Longitudinal, and Multianalyte Sweat\nSensing","volume":"7","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511071426700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c00581","article-title":"Simple,\nSkin-Attachable, and Multifunctional Colorimetric\nSweat Sensor","volume":"7","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091511071426700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11100405","article-title":"A Review of Capillary Pressure Control\nValves in Microfluidics","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026091511071426700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411708","article-title":"Liquid Bridge Cutting Valves for\nMicrofluidic Passive Distribution and Sequential Reaction","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511071426700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c02244","article-title":"Dissolvable Polymer Valves for Sweat\nChrono-Sampling in Wearable Paper-Based Analytical Devices","volume":"7","author":"Vaquer","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026091511071426700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34564","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c07893","article-title":"Paper\/Soluble\nPolymer\nHybrid-Based Lateral Flow Biosensing Platform for High-Performance\nPoint-of-Care Testing","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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B"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026091511071426700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16099","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c02467","article-title":"Factors Responsible\nfor the Aggregation of Poly(Vinyl\nAlcohol) in Aqueous Solution as Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations","volume":"59","author":"Kurapati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071426700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2012.04.025","article-title":"Polyethylene\nGlycol Aggregates in Water Formed through Hydrophobic Helical Structures","volume":"379","author":"Azri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511071426700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6700(03)00045-5","article-title":"A Review of Polymer\nDissolution","volume":"28","author":"Miller-Chou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091511071426700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12081800","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid: The Influence of Molecular Weight\non Structural, Physical, Physico-Chemical, and Degradable Properties\nof Biopolymer","volume":"12","author":"Snetkov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091511071426700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00400F","article-title":"Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Devices\nwith One-Opening Chambers and\nHydrophobic Valves for Sweat Collection and Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091511071426700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00558E","article-title":"Magnetofluid-Integrated\nBiosensors Based on DNase-Dead Cas12a for Visual Point-of-Care Testing\nof HIV-1 by an up and down Chip","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"2026091511071426700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.125898","article-title":"Smartphone-Assisted\nColorimetric Detection of Uric Acid Based on the Enhanced Peroxidase-like\nActivity of Cu Doping Prussian Blue","volume":"333","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrochim\nActa A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091511071426700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0043-y","article-title":"Wearable Sweat Sensors","volume":"1","author":"Bariya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511071426700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201600018","article-title":"Non-invasive\nAnalyte Access and Sensing through Eccrine Sweat: Challenges and Outlook\ncirca 2016","volume":"28","author":"Heikenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electroanalysis."}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03183","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/36\/26690\/68131564\/acs.analchem.6c03183.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/36\/26690\/68131564\/acs.analchem.6c03183.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:53:35Z","timestamp":1789487615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/36\/26690\/5398496\/Wearable-Microfluidic-Chip-Integrated-with-Chrono"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}