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However, conventional optimization strategies rely primarily on single-domain resonance enhancement, limiting further acoustic amplification. This study proposes a spatiotemporal resonant gain coupling (ST-RGC) mechanism to amplify photoacoustic signals by integrating spatial standing waves with time-domain energy accumulation. A composite-type PAC realizes this mechanism through a coupled-resonance topology, with critical dimensions optimized via finite element analysis (FEA). Using CHCl3 (0\u201310 ppm) as the target analyte, the device enhances the signal by a factor of 2.9 compared to an identically dimensioned H-type PAC, achieving a sensitivity of 0.55 V\/ppm versus 0.19 V\/ppm and linearity of R2 = 0.999. Furthermore, the composite-type PAC improves the SNR and reduces the background fluctuations in the demodulated output, lowering the minimum detection limit (MDL) from 200.53 to 20.73 ppb. Therefore, the ST-RGC mechanism advances the PAC design paradigm from single-domain optimization to spatiotemporal coupling, establishing a transferable framework for high-sensitivity trace gas detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:42:14Z","timestamp":1788093734000},"page":"25888-25898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ppb-Level Photoacoustic\nGas Detection Using Spatiotemporal\nResonance Coupling"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5016-3542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pengbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqi","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2658-0675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yingying","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-4094","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-5325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chongxin","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090808074729100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.37188\/lam.2025.001","article-title":"Design of Multipass\nCell with Dense Spot Patterns and Its Performance in a Light-Induced\nThermoelastic Spectroscopy-Based Methane Sensor","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Light Adv. 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