{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:05:14Z","timestamp":1789488314617,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20241586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2023YFC3304203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3304203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a widely used cough suppressant, and its escalating abuse is a pressing global health concern that necessitates rapid screening tools. However, rapid methods for detecting DXM in complex matrices remain highly limited. Here, we report the first isolation and engineering of DNA aptamers specifically targeting DXM. Using library-immobilized SELEX, we identified high-affinity aptamers (KD \u223c 1\u20132 \u03bcM) with exceptional specificity against various interferents. The lead candidate was rationally truncated into a minimal 27-nucleotide core (DM1\u201327) that retains full function. Systematic mutagenesis and molecular modeling further delineated the structure\u2013activity relationship governing target recognition. Utilizing this engineered aptamer, we developed two distinct fluorescent platforms: a label-free thioflavin T displacement assay and a fluorophore-quencher labeled hybrid beacon. Both sensors enabled robust DXM quantification within 10 min in human saliva and e-cigarette juice (EJ), achieving limits of detection at low ng\/mL-level. Notably, the hybrid beacon significantly improved matrix tolerance by bypassing short-wavelength background interference. This work provides a versatile molecular recognition tool and establishes practical, field-deployable sensing strategies for DXM monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c03419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:14:19Z","timestamp":1788354859000},"page":"26733-26743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Detection\nof Dextromethorphan in Saliva and\nE-Juice Based on Highly Selective Aptamers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yijing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]},{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]},{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]},{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-9882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haixiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]},{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-1736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]},{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026091511071912100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00088","article-title":"Classics in chemical neuroscience: dextromethorphan\n(DXM)","volume":"14","author":"McClure","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chem. 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Pharm."},{"key":"2026091511071912100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-026-01784-3","article-title":"Chemometric and\nlearning-based multivariate models for quantifying a challenging quaternary\nmixture of bupropion, dextromethorphan, and their related impurities\nby UV-Vis spectrophotometry","volume":"20","author":"Algmaal","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091511071912100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123447","article-title":"Rapid screening\nand multicomponent quantifications of active components of oral syrup\nover-the-counter medications by Raman and UV-Visible spectroscopy\nand multivariate regression analysis","volume":"305","author":"Fakayode","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim.\nActa, Part A"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511071912100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123798","article-title":"Sensitive detection\nof dextromethorphan\nhydrobromide based on portable Raman spectrometer and CuO@AgNPs nano\ncomposite SERS substrate","volume":"308","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta,\nPart A"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091511071912100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2024.125644","article-title":"Ultrasensitive\nanalysis\nof the commonly abused CNS antitussive, dextromethorphan in biological\nfluids and dosage forms using a novel micellar-sensitized spectrofluorimetric\napproach: compliance with greenness and blueness metrics","volume":"329","author":"Radwan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrochim. 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Chem."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026091511071912100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16800","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202008663","article-title":"Advances and\nchallenges in small-molecule DNA aptamer isolation, characterization,\nand sensor development","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091511071912100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz224","article-title":"In vitro isolation of class-specific oligonucleotide-based small-molecule\nreceptors","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026091511071912100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10752","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201903479","article-title":"A receptor-guided\ndesign strategy\nfor ligand identification","volume":"58","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. 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Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511071912100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.3c00781","article-title":"Exploring the landscape\nof aptamers: from cross-reactive to selective to specific, high-affinity\nreceptors for cocaine","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"28","key":"2026091511071912100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11488","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c02151","article-title":"Generation of high-affinity\naptamers for indazole synthetic cannabinoids","volume":"96","author":"Canoura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091511071912100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.04.032","article-title":"In vitro\nselection and amplification\nprotocols for isolation of sptameric sensors for small molecules","volume":"106","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vitro Sel. 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Theory Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091511071912100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4792","article-title":"UCSF ChimeraX:\nTools for structure\nbuilding and analysis","volume":"32","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071912100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-021-00522-2","article-title":"GNINA 1.0, molecular\ndocking with deep learning","volume":"13","author":"McNutt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cheminform."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026091511071912100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13045","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5c02271","article-title":"Meeko: molecule\nparametrization\nand software interoperability for docking and beyond","volume":"65","author":"Santos-Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. 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Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511071912100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp026","article-title":"Circular dichroism\nand conformational polymorphism of DNA","volume":"37","author":"Kypr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic\nAcids Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511071912100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1021\/ci020055f","article-title":"Consideration\nof molecular weight during compound selection in virtual target-based\ndatabase screening","volume":"43","author":"Pan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"2026091511071912100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.10.005","article-title":"In silico\nmolecular docking in DNA aptamer development","volume":"180","author":"Navien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochimie."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091511071912100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14410","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214410","article-title":"Successes\nand failures of static aptamer-target 3D docking models","volume":"23","author":"Bruno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. 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