{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:16:17Z","timestamp":1789488977151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22174015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22174015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22574020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22574020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiplex electrochemiluminescence (ECL) bioassays in continuous flow require reliable target identification and event-resolved signal assignment within the same detection process. Here, we report a flow-through, micropore-confined bipolar electrochemiluminescence (BE-ECL) platform that uses structurally color-coded photonic amorphous conductive microbeads (PACMs) as mobile bipolar electrodes. The PACMs provide visually decodable identities and generate localized ECL at their poles, enabling simultaneous detection of CEA, CA125, and AFP. Micropore confinement concentrates the electric field in the detection region, and bead polarization further enhances local ECL generation under reduced driving voltages. A serpentine microfluidic injection module separates beads before detection, allowing decoded structural-color sequences to be matched to synchronous current perturbations and ECL peaks during continuous flow. The platform achieved sensitive, selective, and reproducible multiplex detection with low background. This work provides a practical strategy for encoded suspension-array ECL bioassays by integrating structural-color coding, micropore-confined BE-ECL, and flow-through bead analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c04712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:06:32Z","timestamp":1788350792000},"page":"27215-27225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flow-Through\nMultiplex Bioassays Using Micropore-Confined\nBipolar Electrochemiluminescence and Structural Color-Coded Conductive\nMicrobeads"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-8032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheng-Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Chen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Zhi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3086-2333","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shou-Nian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2026.217603","article-title":"Fluorescence-encoded barcodes for multiplexed detection and imaging:\nprinciples, strategies, and prospects","volume":"554","author":"Dai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Coord.\nChem. Rev."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091511065682500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9779","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c06821","article-title":"Whole-Cell Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescent Photonic Microsphere\nMicroarray for High-Throughput Detection of Foodborne Pathogens","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511065682500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-68093-6","article-title":"A high-throughput,\nflow cytometry approach to measure\nphase behavior and exchange in biomolecular condensates","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026091511065682500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25705","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c07214","article-title":"Compartmentalized\nSuspension Array for the Isothermal, Digital, and Multiplex Detection\nof microRNAs","volume":"147","author":"Jet","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091511065682500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9285","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c01468","article-title":"Molecular\nImprinting-Based Thickness-Encoded Suspension Arrays","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091511065682500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202100315","article-title":"Precisely Encoded Barcodes\nthrough the Structure-Fluorescence Combinational Strategy: A Flexible,\nRobust, and Versatile Multiplexed Biodetection Platform with Ultrahigh\nEncoding Capacities","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026091511065682500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7581","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201602900","article-title":"Magnetic\/Fluorescent\nBarcodes Based on Cadmium-Free Near-Infrared-Emitting\nQuantum Dots for Multiplexed Detection","volume":"26","author":"Leng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv.\nFunct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2026.118727","article-title":"Immunoassay-based approaches for multiplex detection:\nA review of pesticide residues in food and water matrices","volume":"197","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091511065682500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c17838","article-title":"Kinetic Profiling in One-Step Digital Immunoassays Enables Multiplex\nQuantification across an Ultrabroad Dynamic Range","volume":"148","author":"Saateh","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026091511065682500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601166","article-title":"Magnetic Suspension Array Technology: Controlled Synthesis\nand Screening in Microfluidic Networks","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117963","article-title":"Optically encoded microspheres\nin liquid-phase suspension array technology for immunoluminescence\ndiagnostics: A review","volume":"290","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091511065682500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b00373","article-title":"Polystyrene\nCore\u2013Silica Shell\nParticles with Defined Nanoarchitectures as a Versatile Platform for\nSuspension Array Technology","volume":"32","author":"Sarma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511065682500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c13706","article-title":"Breaking Barcode Limits:\nMetal Nanoparticle Lego Brick Self-Assembly for High-Throughput Screening","volume":"147","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134746","article-title":"An initial\ncheck-reexamination strategy for analysis of H. Pylori DNA and single-nucleotide\nvariants","volume":"398","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115662","article-title":"A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence\narray chip for portable\nlabel-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with smartphone","volume":"240","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091511065682500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c04709","article-title":"Single-Electrode Electrochemical\nSystem for the Visual and High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence\nImmunoassay","volume":"94","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091511065682500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c01502","article-title":"A High-Throughput\nPlatform for the Rapid Quantification of Phosphorylated Histone H2AX\nin Cell Lysates Based on Microplate Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor\nArray","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2026.118688","article-title":"Advancements and strategies in simultaneous\nmulti-target detection for analyte multiplexing","volume":"196","author":"Zhumabekova","year":"2026","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091511065682500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900056","article-title":"Hollow Colloid Assembled\nPhotonic\nCrystal Clusters as Suspension Barcodes for Multiplex Bioassays","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026091511065682500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202506777","article-title":"One-Pot Single-Step Approach for\nthe Controlled Synthesis of Multifunctional Microparticles","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511065682500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c04454","article-title":"Electric Field Distribution\nin Bipolar Electrochemical\nCells: Effects on the Wirefree Electrodeposition of Conducting Polymer\nFilms","volume":"97","author":"Brady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"64","key":"2026091511065682500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11896","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CC02825F","article-title":"Bipolar electrochemiluminescence:\nfrom fundamentals to emerging trends","volume":"61","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem.\nCommun."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511065682500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13060666","article-title":"Newly Developed Electrochemiluminescence Based on Bipolar\nElectrochemistry for Multiplex Biosensing Applications: A Consolidated\nReview","volume":"13","author":"Mwanza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2025.100283","article-title":"Bipolar electrochemically\ngenerated fluorescence detector for microchip electrophoresis with\nand without a potentiostat: Application to reducible analyte detection","volume":"9","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Rep."},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117482","article-title":"A dual-Color\nclosed bipolar electrochemiluminescence platform for visual simultaneous\ndiagnosis of two pluripotency markers in cancer patients\u2019 urine","volume":"282","author":"Arab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026091511065682500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.146345","article-title":"Analytical theory for\nthe cyclic\nvoltammetry of co-reactant ECL systems in closed bipolar cells","volume":"529","author":"Lo\u0301pez-Asanza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091511065682500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7094","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07917","article-title":"Ultrasensitive\nElectrochemiluminescence Detection of Dual Tumor Markers on Living\nCell Surface with a Closed Bipolar Electrode Array Chip","volume":"98","author":"Tian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511065682500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c05383","article-title":"Bipolar\nElectrode Array for Multiplexed\nDetection of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091511065682500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9151","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07619","article-title":"Covalent Bridging Achieves\nNanorestriction\nEnhanced Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence for 17\u03b2-Estradiol\nECL Imaging-Assisted Dual-Mode ECL\/EC Detection","volume":"98","author":"Geng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091511065682500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.2c00573","article-title":"Wireless Electronic Light Emission: An Introduction to Bipolar Electrochemistry","volume":"100","author":"de Poulpiquet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026091511065682500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202407588","article-title":"Electrochemiluminescence\nMicroscopy","volume":"63","author":"Knez\u030cevic\u0301","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511065682500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c04663","article-title":"Electrochemiluminescence\nfrom Single Molecule to Imaging","volume":"95","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026091511065682500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8900","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b00559","article-title":"Enhanced Bipolar Electrochemistry at Solid-State Micropores:\nDemonstration by Wireless Electrochemiluminescence Imaging","volume":"91","author":"Ismail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026091511065682500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c01094","article-title":"Confinement Effect\nEnhanced Bipolar Electrochemistry:\nStructural Color Coding Coupled with Wireless Electrochemiluminescence\nImaging Technology","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091511065682500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6831","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07241","article-title":"Micropore\nConfinement in Flow Systems Enables Subsecond Bipolar ECL Biosensing","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091511065682500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52983-z","article-title":"Inertial Focusing and\nSeparation of Particles in Similar Curved Channels","volume":"9","author":"Ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091511065682500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-011-0839-9","article-title":"Continuous-flow particle and cell separations in a\nserpentine microchannel via curvature-induced dielectrophoresis","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026091511065682500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26333","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b06668","article-title":"Self-Assembled Curved\nMacroporous Photonic Crystal-Based\nSurfactant Detectors","volume":"9","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091511065682500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1021\/cm4012603","article-title":"Colloidal\nPhotonic Crystals toward Structural Color Palettes for Security Materials","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c04712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/36\/27215\/67731343\/acs.analchem.6c04712.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/36\/27215\/67731343\/acs.analchem.6c04712.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:52:03Z","timestamp":1789487523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/36\/27215\/5360772\/Flow-Through-Multiplex-Bioassays-Using-Micropore"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c04712","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]}}}