{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:42:11Z","timestamp":1792784531070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M742860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M742860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-YBNY- 370154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-YBNY- 370154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province postdoctoral research project","award":["2023BSHYDZZ69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BSHYDZZ69"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["32472439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32472439"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogen posing severe threat to environmental safety and human health. To achieve rapid and accurate detection, we developed a nanobody-based colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode sandwich immunosensor using natural fluorescent probe and further integrated machine learning to enhance the signal readout and improve detection sensitivity. Here, specific nanobodies toward P. aeruginosa were successfully developed for the first time by biopanning against an immune phage-displayed nanobody library. Natural fluorescent quinine, which possesses intrinsic fluorescence and undergoes fluorescence quenching via an internal quenching effect, was employed as the fluorescent probe. With the baseline LODs obtained by direct fitting of the raw optical signals (9.005 \u00d7 105 CFU\/mL for colorimetry and 3.02 \u00d7 103 CFU\/mL for fluorescence), an XGBoost model was introduced and further reduces the LOD to 3.269 \u00d7 103 CFU\/mL and 3.96 \u00d7 102 CFU\/mL, achieving a 275-fold and 7.6-fold improvement in sensitivity, respectively. Furthermore, following a brief pre-enrichment, this method enables detection of P. aeruginosa at concentrations as low as 10 CFU\/mL. Recoveries in water samples ranged from 81.47% to 119.47%, with a coefficient of variation below 8.44%, showing good agreement with machine learning predictions (R2 = 0.957). No cross-reactivity was observed with closely related or heterologous bacteria. This method provides a technical approach for the precise quantitative monitoring of P. aeruginosa in complex environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c04879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:01:47Z","timestamp":1791345707000},"page":"29700-29712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine-Learning-Driven\nDual-Mode Immunoassay Based\non Nanobody and Natural Fluorescent Probe for Ultrasensitive Quantification\nof\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Mengnan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangsheng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4466-4853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-9489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8838-0893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026102006571854000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13224","article-title":"Novel Class\n1 Integron Structures in High-Risk Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 and ST654 From Companion Animals","volume":"72","author":"Leelapsawas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102006571854000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.11.005","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"32","author":"Krell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102006571854000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12842","article-title":"Antimicrobial\nresistance in bacterial\nisolates from companion animals in Buenos Aires, Argentina: 2011\u20132017\nretrospective study","volume":"68","author":"Rumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"key":"2026102006571854000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2025.100409","article-title":"Dual nanoparticle-enhanced\nbiophotonic\nfiber sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of Pseudomonas\naeruginosa in food safety applications","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors\nand Actuators Reports"},{"issue":"36","key":"2026102006571854000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40724","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c12943","article-title":"Hetero-Multivalent Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery\nto Treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections","volume":"14","author":"Singla","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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Mol.\nLiq."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102006571854000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3170","article-title":"A robust\npipeline\nfor rapid production of versatile nanobody repertoires","volume":"11","author":"Fridy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026102006571854000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.05.004","article-title":"Nanobodies as efficient drug-carriers:\nProgress and trends in chemotherapy","volume":"334","author":"Panikar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Controlled\nRelease"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026102006571854000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001902","article-title":"Affinity Is\nan Important Determinant of the Anti-Trypanosome Activity of Nanobodies","volume":"6","author":"Caljon","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c04879","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/41\/29700\/68765006\/acs.analchem.6c04879.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/41\/29700\/68765006\/acs.analchem.6c04879.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:09:31Z","timestamp":1792494571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/41\/29700\/5445709\/Machine-Learning-Driven-Dual-Mode-Immunoassay"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c04879","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}}}