{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:43:27Z","timestamp":1792784607640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018536","name":"National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026ZD01910900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZD01910900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018536","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22125405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22125405"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22504110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22504110"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microfluidic chips are promising for on-site analysis in medical diagnostics and food safety because they enable miniaturized, integrated sample processing. However, the analysis of complex, salt-rich matrices of biological and food samples remain challenging for conventional closed chips and electrokinetic pretreatment methods. Here, we developed an open, reconfigurable electrophoresis chip based on liquid plasticine, in which a moving neutralization reaction electrophoresis system (MNRES) was implemented for high-salt sample pretreatment. Liquid plasticine enabled facile construction of pump-free, valve-free, optically transparent, and cuttable open reservoirs and channels. In the MNRES, OH\u2013 and H+ generated by water electrolysis reacted with NH4+ and CH3COO\u2013, producing moving neutralization reaction boundaries accompanied by dynamic electric field and pH gradients. These two coupled gradients enabled salt removal, field amplified stacking, and meanwhile the pH gradient induced protein focusing, thereby allowing simultaneous enrichment and purification of proteins and anionic species. It is demonstrated that proteins and anionic species in 0.9% NaCl solution can be effectively separated and enriched by approximately 10-fold. Moreover, the MNRES-pretreated analyte zones can be directly monitored by smartphone-based online colorimetry or transferred to liquid-plasticine microreactors for offline chromogenic assays. This work provides a flexible open-fluidic strategy for integrated electrokinetic pretreatment and visual detection of complex high-salt samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c05086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:02:00Z","timestamp":1789225320000},"page":"28600-28607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrokinetic\nEnrichment and Purification of Proteins\nand Anions from High-salt Samples on Liquid Plasticine-Based Open\nChip"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Jicheng","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical College , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical College , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-2279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-4649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical College , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2026092909112671300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10521","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07262","article-title":"Sponge-based\nflow control in laminate capillary-driven electrochemical microfluidic\ndevices for viscous sample analysis","volume":"98","author":"Arau\u0301jo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026092909112671300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13727","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c00770","article-title":"Electrocontrolled injection-coupled\ndroplet microfluidic\nplatform for antimicrobial resistance screening","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909112671300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c05853","article-title":"Digital-to-droplet microfluidic platform powered digital\nisothermal nucleic acid amplification for on-demand detection of post-transplantation\ninfection-causing viruses","volume":"98","author":"Wen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026092909112671300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9523","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c00108","article-title":"Microfluidic fluorescence-activated\ncell sorting via gradient dielectrophoresis","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909112671300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00846-4","article-title":"Microfluidics with fluid walls","volume":"8","author":"Walsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7806","key":"2026092909112671300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2254-4","article-title":"Liquid\nflow and control without solid\nwalls","volume":"581","author":"Dunne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026092909112671300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay9919","article-title":"Under oil open-channel\nmicrofluidics empowered by exclusive liquid repellency","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909112671300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01516D","article-title":"Emerging\nopen microfluidics for cell manipulation","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem.\nSoc. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909112671300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-023-00483-0","article-title":"Miniaturizing chemistry\nand biology using droplets in open systems","volume":"7","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909112671300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45076-7","article-title":"Visualization-enhanced\nunder-oil open microfluidic system for in situ characterization of\nmulti-phase chemical reactions","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026092909112671300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21956","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03088","article-title":"EnGRAM:\nEngineering open-space microfluidic gradient modulators","volume":"97","author":"Arshavsky-Graham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909112671300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c05290","article-title":"High-performance gel-free and label-free size fractionation of extracellular\nvesicles with two-dimensional electrophoresis in a microfluidic artificial\nsieve","volume":"96","author":"Bu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092909112671300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12904","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00640","article-title":"Isotachophoresis:\ntheory and microfluidic applications","volume":"122","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem.\nRev."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026092909112671300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18519","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c02237","article-title":"High-precision\nelectrophoretic mobility measurements of single particles and red\nblood cells using high-voltage microfluidic transverse AC electrophoresis\n(HV-TrACE)","volume":"97","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026092909112671300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11544","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c00436","article-title":"High-efficient and\ncontrollable purification of protein by cyclic injection in an orthogonal\nmicro-free-flow electrophoresis","volume":"97","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026092909112671300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302907120","article-title":"Open millifluidics\nbased on powder-encased channels","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl.\nAcad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909112671300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413862","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413862","article-title":"A simple route for open fluidic devices with particle walls","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909112671300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39574-3","article-title":"Machining\nwater through laser cutting of nanoparticle-encased water pancakes","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026092909112671300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112005005975","article-title":"Dynamics of field-amplified\nsample stacking","volume":"543","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2026092909112671300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.127953","article-title":"Enhanced field-amplified sample injection by mobility decrease in\ncapillary electrophoresis for the analysis of trace enantiomeric impurities\nin palonosetron injection","volume":"292","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026092909112671300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9048","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01237","article-title":"Liquid plasticine integrated with\nisoelectric focusing\nfor miniaturized protein analysis","volume":"92","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026092909112671300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s41664-024-00304-3","article-title":"Paper Analytical device for the Colourimetric Detection\nof Alkaline Phosphatase in serum and saliva","volume":"8","author":"Alageswari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anal. Test."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909112671300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.109198","article-title":"Au-Fe3O4 dumbbell-like nanoparticles based\nlateral flow immunoassay\nfor colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2\nspike protein","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026092909112671300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15818","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c01889","article-title":"Drone-and paper-based\nanalytical devices: a powerful combination for the colorimetric detection\nof tropospheric ozone","volume":"97","author":"Campos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909112671300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.146408","article-title":"Efficacious paper-based\ncolorimetric\ndetection of bacterial contamination in vegetables utilizing indicator\ndyes and machine learning","volume":"495","author":"Acharyya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092909112671300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SM00362B","article-title":"Rod-shaped\nliquid plasticine for gas diffusion detection","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Matter"}],"container-title":["Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c05086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/38\/28600\/68491066\/acs.analchem.6c05086.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/98\/38\/28600\/68491066\/acs.analchem.6c05086.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:49:58Z","timestamp":1790689798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/98\/38\/28600\/5428844\/Electrokinetic-Enrichment-and-Purification-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6c05086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]}}}