{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:16:08Z","timestamp":1788412568095,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["279405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["279405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/P001157\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P001157\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000324","name":"Gatsby Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Herchel Smith Fund, University of Cambridge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cuticle, the outermost layer covering the epidermis of most aerial organs of land plants, can have a heterogeneous composition even on the surface of the same organ. The main cuticle component is the polymer cutin which, depending on its chemical composition and structure, can have different biophysical properties. In this study, we introduce a new on-surface depolymerization method coupled to liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for a fast and spatially resolved chemical characterization of the cuticle of plant tissues. The method is composed of an on-surface saponification, followed by extraction with LESA using a chloroform\u2013acetonitrile\u2013water (49:49:2) mixture and direct HRMS detection. The method is also compared with LESA-HRMS without prior depolymerization for the analysis of the surface of the petals of Hibiscus richardsonii flowers, which have a ridged cuticle in the proximal region and a smooth cuticle in the distal region. We found that on-surface saponification is effective enough to depolymerize the cutin into its monomeric constituents thus allowing detection of compounds that were not otherwise accessible without a depolymerization step. The effect of the depolymerization procedure was more pronounced for the ridged\/proximal cuticle, which is thicker and richer in epicuticular waxes compared with the cuticle in the smooth\/distal region of the petal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b01094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T14:23:17Z","timestamp":1558707797000},"page":"8326-8333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Direct Depolymerization Coupled to Liquid Extraction\nSurface Analysis-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization\nof the Surface of Plant Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7821-7398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chiara","family":"Giorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , Lensfield Road , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1EW"]},{"name":"University of Padua , , via Marzolo 1 , ,","place":["Padova, Italy, 35131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwige","family":"Moyroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University , , Bateman Street , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1LR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley J.","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , Downing Street , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kalberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , Lensfield Road , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1EW"]},{"name":"University of Basel , , Klingelbergstrasse 27 , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, 4056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"March","key":"2026090300221757000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00427","article-title":"Cuticle Structure in\nRelation to\nChemical Composition: Re-Assessing the Prevailing Model","volume":"7","author":"Ferna\u0301ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988718.ch4","volume-title":"Annual Plant Reviews","author":"Jetter","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03553.x","article-title":"The Biophysical Design of Plant Cuticles:\nAn Overview","volume":"189","author":"Dominguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"issue":"87","key":"2026090300221757000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130394","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0394","article-title":"Analysing Photonic\nStructures in Plants","volume":"10","author":"Vignolini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. R. Soc., Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090300221757000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12958","article-title":"The Flower\nof Hibiscus Trionum Is\nBoth Visibly and Measurably Iridescent","volume":"205","author":"Vignolini","year":"2015","journal-title":"New\nPhytol."},{"issue":"7677","key":"2026090300221757000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24285","article-title":"Disorder in Convergent Floral Nanostructures Enhances\nSignalling to Bees","volume":"550","author":"Moyroud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5910","key":"2026090300221757000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1166256","article-title":"Floral Iridescence,\nProduced by Diffractive Optics,\nActs As a Cue for Animal Pollinators","volume":"323","author":"Whitney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science\n(Washington, DC, U. S.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090300221757000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.01.026","article-title":"Flower\nIridescence Increases Object Detection in the Insect Visual System\nwithout Compromising Object Identity","volume":"26","author":"Whitney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr.\nBiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090300221757000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2006.03.001","article-title":"Unraveling\nthe Complex Network of Cuticular Structure and Function","volume":"9","author":"Nawrath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988718.ch2","volume-title":"Annual Plant Reviews","author":"Jeffree","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988718.ch3","volume-title":"Annual Plant Reviews","author":"Stark","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7477","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4011998","article-title":"Understanding the Molecular\nSignatures in Leaves and\nFlowers by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI\nMS) Imaging","volume":"61","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090300221757000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02498","article-title":"Direct Surface\nAnalysis Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Reveals Heterogeneous\nComposition of the Cuticle of Hibiscus Trionum Petals","volume":"87","author":"Giorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090300221757000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.03892.x","article-title":"Arabidopsis CER8\nEncodes LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE\n1 (LACS1) That Has Overlapping Functions with LACS2 in Plant Wax and\nCutin Synthesis","volume":"59","author":"Lu\u0308","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)91658-3","article-title":"Quantitative\nGas Chromatographic Analysis of Methyl\nEsters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids Derived from Plant Cutin","volume":"360","author":"Riederer","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. 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Leaves near the Tissue\nSurface","volume":"69","author":"Ji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090300221757000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2009.10.008","article-title":"Quantitative and Qualitative\nAnalysis of Cutin in Maize and a Maize-Cropped Soil: Comparison of\nCuO Oxidation, Transmethylation and Saponification Methods","volume":"41","author":"Mendez-Millan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090300221757000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/0028825X.2010.542762","article-title":"A Taxonomic\nRe-Evaluation of Hibiscus Trionum (Malvaceae) in Australasia","volume":"49","author":"Craven","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Bot."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090300221757000_cit24","first-page":"50","article-title":"Identification of,\nand Further Evidence for the Indigenous\nStatus of Two Weedy Bladder Ketmia Species (Hibiscus Trionum Complex,\nMalvaceae); and the Search for Australia\u2019s Inland Sea","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Prot. 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Chem."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503627z","article-title":"Quantitative\nSpatial Analysis of\nthe Mouse Brain Lipidome by Pressurized Liquid Extraction Surface\nAnalysis","volume":"87","author":"Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-015-1152-8","article-title":"Native Liquid Extraction\nSurface Analysis Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Noncovalent Protein\nComplexes Directly from Dried Substrates","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.01.034","article-title":"A New Processing Scheme\nfor Ultra-High Resolution Direct\nInfusion Mass Spectrometry Data","volume":"178","author":"Zielinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090300221757000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s41810-018-0029-1","article-title":"Compositional Analysis\nof Adsorbed Organic Aerosol\non a Microresonator Mass Sensor","volume":"2","author":"Zielinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci.\nEng."},{"key":"2026090300221757000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2013.04.018","article-title":"Direct Imaging of Plant Metabolites\nin Leaves and Petals by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","volume":"348","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."}],"container-title":["Analytical\nChemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b01094","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/91\/13\/8326\/67129665\/acs.analchem.9b01094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article-pdf\/91\/13\/8326\/67129665\/acs.analchem.9b01094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:30:10Z","timestamp":1788409810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancham\/article\/91\/13\/8326\/821594\/Direct-Depolymerization-Coupled-to-Liquid"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b01094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]}}}