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In the last step of biosynthesis of the (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-\u03b2-tyrosine moiety of the C-1027 enediyne chromophore, SgcE6 and SgcC compose a two-component monooxygenase that hydroxylates the C-5 position of (S)-3-chloro-\u03b2-tyrosine. This two-component monooxygenase is remarkable for two reasons. (i) SgcE6 specifically reacts with FAD and NADH, and (ii) SgcC is active with only the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP)-tethered substrate. To address the molecular details of substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structures of SgcE6 and SgcC at 1.66 and 2.63 \u00c5 resolution, respectively. SgcE6 shares a similar \u03b2-barrel fold with the class I HpaC-like flavin reductases. A flexible loop near the active site of SgcE6 plays a role in FAD binding, likely by providing sufficient space to accommodate the AMP moiety of FAD, when compared to that of FMN-utilizing homologues. SgcC shows structural similarity to a few other known FADH2-dependent monooxygenases and sheds light on some biochemically but not structurally characterized homologues. The crystal structures reported here provide insights into substrate specificity, and comparison with homologues provides a catalytic mechanism of the two-component, FADH2-dependent monooxygenase (SgcE6 and SgcC) that catalyzes the hydroxylation of a PCP-tethered substrate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T14:18:43Z","timestamp":1472134723000},"page":"5142-5154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Crystal Structures of SgcE6 and SgcC, the Two-Component\nMonooxygenase That Catalyzes Hydroxylation of a Carrier Protein-Tethered\nSubstrate during the Biosynthesis of the Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotic\nC-1027 in\n                    <i>Streptomyces globisporus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Chin-Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy R.","family":"Lohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongnan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77251"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Argonne, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77251"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Bingman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2500Madison , , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53705"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ragothaman M.","family":"Yennamalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77251"]},{"name":"Jaypee University of Information Technology , , , ,","place":["Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173234"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Bigelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Argonne, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyorgy","family":"Babnigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Argonne, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Joachimiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Argonne, Illinois, United States, 60439"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"George N.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77251"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]},{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]},{"name":"The Scripps Research Institute , , , ,","place":["Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072110","article-title":"Biosynthesis of the\nenediyne antitumor antibiotic 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Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7205","DOI":"10.1021\/bi7003685","article-title":"The structure\nof L-tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase from the C-1027 enediyne antitumor antibiotic\nbiosynthetic pathway","volume":"46","author":"Christianson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11594","DOI":"10.1021\/ja052871k","article-title":"Biosynthesis of the\nbeta-amino acid moiety of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027\nfeaturing beta-amino acyl-S-carrier protein intermediates","volume":"127","author":"Van Lanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1021\/bi901454u","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism\nof p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa:\na system composed of a small flavin reductase and a large flavin-dependent\noxygenase","volume":"49","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9769","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13089769","article-title":"Structural\nand Catalytic Differences between Two FADH(2)-Dependent\nMonooxygenases: 2,4,5-TCP 4-Monooxygenase (TftD) from Burkholderia\ncepacia AC1100 and 2,4,6-TCP 4-Monooxygenase (TcpA) from Cupriavidus\nnecator JMP134","volume":"13","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. 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Evidence for a proton channel and\na new binding mode of the flavin ring","volume":"33","author":"Schreuder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2005.04.010","article-title":"Biosynthesis\nof the unique amino acid side chain of butirosin: possible protective-group\nchemistry in an acyl carrier protein-mediated pathway","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2026090117352375200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb25523a","article-title":"Cloning and sequencing\nof the kedarcidin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptoalloteichus\nsp. ATCC 53650 revealing new insights into biosynthesis of the enediyne\nfamily of antitumor antibiotics","volume":"9","author":"Lohman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. 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