{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:25:57Z","timestamp":1787059557313,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005303","name":"Boston College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 GM150789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM150789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is a central molecular biology tool that is broadly used for biomedical research and the RNA therapeutic industry. T7 RNAP and its engineered variants provide valuable tools in synthetic biology and gene expression regulation. T7 RNAP activity unit is traditionally quantified by a radioactivity-based polymerization assay, which is often not accessible to many laboratories and raises safety concerns because of exposure to radioactivity. Here, we developed a fluorescence-based in vitro transcription (IVT) assay that enables facile and quantitative determination of T7 RNAP activity units, using the Broccoli RNA aptamer as a transcriptional reporter and commercially available T7 RNAPs as standard references, which are readily accessible materials for most biochemical laboratories. This method will improve the consistency and reproducibility assessment of T7 RNAP prepared from different batches or different laboratories and benefit research communities that rely on the robust performance of RNA polymerases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6c00336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:04:20Z","timestamp":1785852260000},"page":"2579-2586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluorogenic\nRNA Aptamer-Based Activity Quantification\nof T7 RNA Polymerase"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Khalil","family":"Mimouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston College , , , ,","place":["Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States, 02467"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston College , , , ,","place":["Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States, 02467"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-4742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huiqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston College , , , ,","place":["Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States, 02467"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5268","key":"2026081808120845300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/228227a0","article-title":"New RNA Polymerase from Escherichia coli infected with Bacteriophage T7","volume":"228","author":"Chamberlin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5349","key":"2026081808120845300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.384","article-title":"Structure of the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid\nProtein Bound to the SL3 \u03a8-RNA Recognition Element","volume":"279","author":"De Guzman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081808120845300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.312","article-title":"The 2\u2032-OH\ngroup at the group\nII intron terminus acts as a proton shuttle","volume":"6","author":"Roitzsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2026081808120845300_cit4","first-page":"185","article-title":"Making RNA: Using T7 RNA Polymerase\nto Produce High Yields of RNA from DNA Templates","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026081808120845300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotno.2025.01.002","article-title":"Current biosensing strategies based\non in vitro T7\nRNA polymerase reaction","volume":"6","author":"Marpaung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Notes"},{"key":"2026081808120845300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2024.10.005","article-title":"Purification\nof T7 RNA polymerase for large scale production of mRNA vaccines and\ntherapeutics","volume":"147","author":"Raghuwanshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081808120845300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01525-6","article-title":"An engineered\nT7 RNA polymerase that produces mRNA free of immunostimulatory byproducts","volume":"41","author":"Dousis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081808120845300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.10.4266","article-title":"Structure of a promoter\nfor T7 RNA polymerase","volume":"74","author":"Oakley","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. 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A.; Plesa, C.\n          Optimizing in\nvitro Transcribed CRISPR-Cas9 Single-Guide RNA Libraries for Improved\nUniformity and Affordability\n          bioRxiv\n          2025\n          10.1101\/2025.03.24.644170.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.24.644170"},{"issue":"4968","key":"2026081808120845300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2200121","article-title":"Systematic Evolution of Ligands by\nExponential Enrichment: RNA Ligands\nto Bacteriophage T4 DNA Polymerase","volume":"249","author":"Tuerk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081808120845300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioeng.2007.06.001","article-title":"SELEX\u2500A (r)evolutionary method\nto generate high-affinity nucleic acid ligands","volume":"24","author":"Stoltenburg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomol. 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Biomanuf."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081808120845300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9007","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220670110","article-title":"Experimental\ninterrogation of the path dependence and stochasticity of protein\nevolution using phage-assisted continuous evolution","volume":"110","author":"Dickinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081808120845300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7480","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv734","article-title":"Transcription\nyield of fully 2\u2032-modified RNA can be increased by the addition\nof thermostabilizing mutations to T7 RNA polymerase mutants","volume":"43","author":"Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081808120845300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot078527","article-title":"Expression\nand Purification of Active Recombinant T7 RNA Polymerase from E. coli","volume":"2013","author":"Rio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb.\nProtoc."},{"key":"2026081808120845300_cit33","first-page":"3","article-title":"Native Purification\nand Analysis of Long RNAs","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Chillo\u0301n","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081808120845300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.7.2035","article-title":"Cloning\nand expression\nof the gene for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase","volume":"81","author":"Davanloo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081808120845300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.13.3090","article-title":"Expression,\npurification and characterization\nof the recombinant ribonuclease P protein component from Bacillus\nsubtilis","volume":"26","author":"Niranjanakumari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081808120845300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.1999.1083","article-title":"A Modified\nProcedure for Fast Purification\nof T7 RNA Polymerase","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Protein Expression Purif."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081808120845300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.52.6.1388","article-title":"Strand\nselective transcription of T4 DNA in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Green","year":"1964","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081808120845300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa673","article-title":"SPRINT: a Cas13a-based\nplatform for detection of small\nmolecules","volume":"48","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081808120845300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.078823.121","article-title":"Toehold-mediated\nstrand displacement to measure released product from self-cleaving\nribozymes","volume":"28","author":"Kapadia","year":"2022","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081808120845300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0492","article-title":"Exploiting Polymerase\nPromiscuity:\nA Simple Colorimetric RNA Polymerase Assay","volume":"274","author":"Vassiliou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081808120845300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2006.12.012","article-title":"Real-time quantification of RNA polymerase activity\nusing a \u201cbroken beacon\u201d","volume":"362","author":"Blair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal.\nBiochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081808120845300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvad002","article-title":"An Assay Method for\nCharacterizing Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase Activity by Transcription\u2013Translation\n(TX-TL) System","volume":"173","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026081808120845300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16299","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508478x","article-title":"Broccoli: Rapid\nSelection of an RNA Mimic of Green Fluorescent Protein by Fluorescence-Based\nSelection and Directed Evolution","volume":"136","author":"Filonov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"issue":"6042","key":"2026081808120845300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207339","article-title":"RNA Mimics of Green Fluorescent Protein","volume":"333","author":"Paige","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081808120845300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-023-00836-w","article-title":"Nm-Mut-seq:\na base-resolution quantitative method for mapping transcriptome-wide\n2\u2032-O-methylation","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081808120845300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.7.1279","article-title":"Incomplete Factorial and Response\nSurface Methods in Experimental Design: Yield Optimization of tRNATrp\nfrom In vitro T7 RNA Polymerase Transcription","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081808120845300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1021\/bi952037f","article-title":"Asp537 and Asp812\nin Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase as Metal Ion-Binding Sites Studied\nby EPR, Flow-Dialysis, and Transcription","volume":"35","author":"Woody","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"}],"container-title":["Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.biochem.6c00336","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bichaw\/article-pdf\/65\/16\/2579\/66351174\/acs.biochem.6c00336.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bichaw\/article-pdf\/65\/16\/2579\/66351174\/acs.biochem.6c00336.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T12:41:43Z","timestamp":1787056903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bichaw\/article\/65\/16\/2579\/5238094\/Fluorogenic-RNA-Aptamer-Based-Activity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biochem.6c00336","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-2960","1520-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-2960","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}}}