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However, their precise localization and protein networks in the CNS remain elusive due to the lack of molecular tools applicable to the delicate and complex three-dimensional environment of the living brain. In this study, we synthesized peptide-based probes using \u03c9-agatoxin IVA (AgTX), a specific channel blocker for P\/Q-type VDCCs derived from the funnel-web spider Agelenopsis aperta. The far-red fluorophore-conjugated AgTX probe allowed the visualization of P\/Q-type VDCCs in mouse cerebellum at subcellular spatial resolution by CLSM imaging. Moreover, by using a photosensitizer-conjugated AgTX, we successfully conducted photooxidation-driven proximity labeling of P\/Q-type VDCCs in fixed mouse brain tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6c00545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1791302501000},"page":"3196-3205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemically Modified \u03c9-Agatoxin IVA Enables\nExploration of P\/Q-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Takeharu","family":"Mino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , Nishikyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 615-8510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-0987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seiji","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , Nishikyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 615-8510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , Nishikyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 615-8510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airi","family":"Furui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , Nishikyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 615-8510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2296-8245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akito","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gunma University , , 3-39-22 Showa-machi , , ,","place":["Maebashi, Gunma, Japan, 371-8511"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , Nishikyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 615-8510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-9296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomonori","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , Nishikyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 615-8510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3327-3916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Itaru","family":"Hamachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Uji , , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 611-0011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026102007164229600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.114.009654","article-title":"The Physiology,\nPathology, and Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and\nTheir Future Therapeutic Potential","volume":"67","author":"Zamponi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol.\nRev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102007164229600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.03.016","article-title":"Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels: structure,\nfunction, and dysfunction","volume":"82","author":"Simms","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102007164229600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.1998.18","article-title":"Molecular\nbiology of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels","volume":"30","author":"Chin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. 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