{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:37:49Z","timestamp":1793644669915,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001742","name":"United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2130\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2130\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Biomedical hydrogels often use a photopolymerization strategy to cross-link the polymer network. There are only a few cyto-compatible photoinitiators (PIs) that are commonly used for cross-linking biomedical hydrogels, including Irgacure 2959, lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), and Eosin Y. Herein, we tested these PIs to optimize the cross-linking efficiency while minimizing cell death. Testing was performed on three types of hydrogels, including a synthetic material (poly\u00ad(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate, PEG-DA), a semisynthetic material, PEG-fibrinogen (PF), and a modified biological material, methacrylated fibrinogen (FibMA). The results showed that PI concentration and illumination intensity had a significant impact on cross-linking efficiency, as measured by the shear storage modulus, with each material demonstrating different responses to the photopolymerization parameters. Optimal photo-cross-linking conditions were not the same for the modified protein hydrogels as compared to synthetic and semisynthetic materials. These findings may have consequential implications when applying photopolymerization to cross-link various types of cell-compatible hydrogels for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c01142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T12:34:29Z","timestamp":1758544469000},"page":"6817-6833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluating Cross-Linking\nEfficiency and Cytocompatibility\nof Three Commonly Used Photoinitiators across Different Cell-Compatible\nHydrogel Platforms"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aya","family":"Gavish Moscovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen","family":"Simaan Yameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]},{"name":"Technion\u2212Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 32000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Bar-Am","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6964-8567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dror","family":"Seliktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6085","key":"2026081812181041700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214804","article-title":"Designing\nCell-Compatible Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications","volume":"336","author":"Seliktar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081812181041700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02604B","article-title":"Designed\nprotein- and peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical sciences","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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Appl."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081812181041700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.07.006","article-title":"Injectable\nhydrogel-based drug delivery\nsystems for local cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Norouzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discovery\nToday"},{"key":"2026081812181041700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.024","article-title":"Biomedical applications of hydrogels:\nA review of patents\nand commercial products","volume":"65","author":"Calo\u0301","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081812181041700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5413","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0737381100","article-title":"Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive\nhydrogels for the conduction of tissue regeneration: Engineering cell-invasion\ncharacteristics","volume":"100","author":"Lutolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. 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Macromol."},{"key":"2026081812181041700_cit52a","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effect\nof Water in Cationic Photopolymerizations: Reversible Inhibition","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"RadTech Rep."},{"key":"2026081812181041700_cit52b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788013307-00074","article-title":"Cationic\nPhotoinitiators","volume-title":"Photopolymerisation Initiating\nSystems","author":"Ortyl","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026081812181041700_cit53","volume-title":"The Chemistry of Radical\nPolymerization","author":"Moad","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081812181041700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37715","article-title":"Evaluating the polymerization effectiveness\nand biocompatibility of bio-sourced, visible light-based photoinitiator\nsystems","volume":"112","author":"Wendland","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. 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