{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:27:31Z","timestamp":1787074051121,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00240167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00240167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003654","name":"Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Porous polymer membranes serve as essential components in lithium-ion batteries, particularly as separators, due to their superior mechanical robustness, electrolyte compatibility, and capacity for facilitating high ionic conductivity. In this study, a composite membrane was fabricated by blending hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), a biodegradable and highly hydrophilic polymer, with poly\u00ad(ethylene oxide) (PEO), known for its exceptional chain flexibility. The polymer blend was coated onto a thermally and chemically stable, cost-effective nonwoven fabric (NWF), followed by a vacuum-assisted nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process. By systematically varying the drying time prior to phase separation, the structural characteristics of the resulting membranes were effectively tailored. Membranes subjected to 30 and 90 min of drying exhibited high gas permeabilities of 627 \u00b1 223 and 515 \u00b1 68 L\/m2\u00b7h, respectively. Gurley measurements and contact angle assessments indicated that shorter drying times favored the development of straight, interconnected pore networks, enhancing fluid transport properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further revealed increased polymer\u2013polymer interactions and the emergence of new hydrogen-bonding networks following phase separation. These molecular rearrangements contributed to an expanded surface area and improved porosity within the membrane structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c01150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T18:33:47Z","timestamp":1758566027000},"page":"6834-6842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synergistic Control\nof Pore Architecture and Electrochemical\nProperties in HEC\/PEO-Based Blends through Drying Time Adjustment"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hyojeong","family":"Sim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sangmyung University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic\nof Korea, 03016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8397-6126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Younghyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soonchunhyang University , , ,","place":["Asan, Republic\nof Korea, 31538"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7211-4064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sangmyung University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic\nof Korea, 03016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802922","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802922","article-title":"Porous polymers\nas multifunctional material platforms\ntoward task-specific applications","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200440z","article-title":"Design and\npreparation of porous polymers","volume":"112","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes2030367","article-title":"Membranes in lithium ion batteries","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(98)00168-2","article-title":"Characterization\nof microporous separators for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"77","author":"Venugopal","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01432D","article-title":"A review of\nrecent developments in membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion\nbatteries","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-024-00253-8","article-title":"Recovery of Cobalt\nfrom Cathode of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.06.055","article-title":"An inorganic membrane\nas a separator for lithium-ion battery","volume":"196","author":"Xiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Power\nSources"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-024-00245-8","article-title":"Characterization of\nthe Ge@GeO2-C Composite Anode Synthesized Using\na Simple High-Energy Ball-Milling Process for Li-Ion Batteries","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14214546","article-title":"Functional\nseparators for long-life and safe Li metal batteries:\na minireview","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.9b01177","article-title":"Vapor deposition of functional porous\npolymer membranes","volume":"2","author":"Dianat","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/15583724.2013.828750","article-title":"A review on\npolymeric\nmembranes and hydrogels prepared by vapor-induced phase separation\nprocess","volume":"53","author":"Venault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polym. Rev."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2013.04.003","article-title":"Recent advances in preparation and\nmorphology control of polymeric\nmembranes formed by nonsolvent induced phase separation","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2011.03.014","article-title":"Progress in\nthe production and modification of PVDF membranes","volume":"375","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-024-00241-y","article-title":"A Dendrite-Free\nLithium Metal Battery by Incorporating Poly\u00ad(dimethylsiloxane) Layer\nonto the Porous Three-Dimensional Copper Current Collector","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700611","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201700611","article-title":"Porous polymer membranes by hard\ntemplating-a review","volume":"20","author":"Stucki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11071160","article-title":"A review on porous polymeric membrane preparation.\nPart I: production techniques with polysulfone and poly (vinylidene\nfluoride)","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2020.101219","volume":"102","author":"Radjabian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog.\nPolym. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17174344","article-title":"Advancements in Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)-Active Filler\nComposite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive\nReview and Prospects","volume":"17","author":"Junoh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2005.09.041","article-title":"Poly (ethylene\noxide) and its blends with sodium alginate","volume":"46","author":"Caykara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38002","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/113\/38002","article-title":"Role of evaporation\nrate on the particle organization\nand crack patterns obtained by drying a colloidal layer","volume":"113","author":"Piroird","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10934-018-0704-2","article-title":"Drying induced\nphase separation in\npoly (styrene)-poly (ethylene glycol)-chlorobenzene system","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Porous Mater."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/07373937.2010.519840","article-title":"Effect\nof residual solvent on physicochemical properties of poly (phenylene\nisophtalamide) membrane","volume":"29","author":"Penkova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drying Technol."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12111779","article-title":"Advances in\nSurface Functionalization of Lithium Battery Separators and Their\nIn-Service Process Damage Behavior","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2010.10.046","article-title":"Improved biocompatibility\nand antifouling property of polypropylene non-woven fabric membrane\nby surface grafting zwitterionic polymer","volume":"369","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\nMembr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.09.003","article-title":"Characterization\nof membrane foulants in an anaerobic non-woven fabric membrane bioreactor\nfor municipal wastewater treatment","volume":"155","author":"An","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Eng.\nJ."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2009.09.002","article-title":"Hydrophilic\nand antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol\/4-vinylpyridine\ngraft polymer modified polypropylene non-woven fabric membranes","volume":"345","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130240","article-title":"Derivation of porous\ncellulose propionate using hydrated\nhydroxyl groups and hydraulic pressure","volume":"262","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128337","article-title":"Mass transport\nto generate the channels\nin cellulose polymers by vacuum-assisted process","volume":"259","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2023.10.031","article-title":"Water molecules\nas mobile phase for interconnected channel into C2H3O2-substituted\ncellulose and polypropylene for porous materials","volume":"131","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093702","article-title":"Preparation\nof Porous Hydroxyethyl\nCellulose Materials to Utilize Lactic Acid with Vacuum-Assisted Process","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2023.126111","article-title":"Stabilized cellulose separator based\non NaCl and glycerol with uniform structure","volume":"281","author":"Nam\nKung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2023.05.001","article-title":"Highly dense and porous structure\ngenerated by 1, 2, 3-trihydroxy propane in cellulose materials","volume":"124","author":"Nam\nKung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2010.08.012","article-title":"Effect of\nmicroporous structure on\nthermal shrinkage and electrochemical performance of Al2O3\/poly (vinylidene\nfluoride-hexafluoropropylene) composite separators for lithium-ion\nbatteries","volume":"364","author":"Jeong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928179","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2022.928179","article-title":"Estimating the permeability of the\nceramic coating\non lithium-ion battery separators via the ideal laminate theory","volume":"10","author":"Mun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Energy Res."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11092275","article-title":"Surface-functionalized\nseparator for stable and reliable lithium metal batteries: a review","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.12.090","article-title":"Bacterial cellulose\nnanofibrous membrane as thermal stable separator for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"279","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes3030182","article-title":"The effects\nof sulfonated poly (ether\nether ketone) ion exchange preparation conditions on membrane properties","volume":"3","author":"Yee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9007","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee22753c","article-title":"Ion exchange membranes as electrolyte\nfor high performance Li-ion batteries","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy\nEnviron. Sci."},{"key":"2026081812180085500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2021.230947","article-title":"A renewable\nmembrane with high ionic\nconductivity and thermal stability for Li-ion batteries","volume":"521","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"}],"container-title":["Biomacromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c01150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/26\/10\/6834\/41119180\/bm5c01150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/26\/10\/6834\/41119180\/bm5c01150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:51:07Z","timestamp":1787071867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article\/26\/10\/6834\/3682089\/Synergistic-Control-of-Pore-Architecture-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c01150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-7797","1526-4602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7797","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]}}}