{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:33:46Z","timestamp":1786365226644,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025SYHZ0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SYHZ0043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wound infections have imposed substantial medical and economic burdens globally. Medical antibacterial dressings have garnered widespread attention, as they enable antibiotic-free treatment of wound infections\u2500addressing the growing concern over antibiotic resistance while promoting wound healing. Herein, a series of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based antibacterial materials were successfully fabricated via electrostatic grafting of quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) onto the HA. The resulting HA-TPeAs and HA-THAs exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25 and 0.004 mg\/mL, respectively. Notably, these materials also demonstrated unexpectedly potent inhibitory effects against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) at an MIC of 0.032 mg\/mL. These findings validate the feasibility of the electrostatic grafting strategy for QAS modification of HA, providing a novel and efficient approach for the development of HA-based antibacterial materials. Furthermore, a HA-THA-based hydrogel was constructed using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) as the cross-linking agent. This hydrogel possessed potent antibacterial activity against the above-mentioned bacteria, along with satisfactory biocompatibility and appropriate mechanical properties, making it well-suited for medical dressing applications. Collectively, the HA-THA-based hydrogel emerges as a highly promising candidate for the development of medical antibacterial dressings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c02632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:13:00Z","timestamp":1785849180000},"page":"5079-5089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyaluronic Acid\nElectrostatically Grafted Quaternary\nAmmonium Salt: Preparation and Outstanding Antibacterial Performance"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Technology , , ,","place":["Zibo, P. R. of China, 255049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2800-712X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoxing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-6257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, P. R. of China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2025.102739","article-title":"Multi-functional nanozyme-integrated\nastragalus polysaccharide hydrogel for targeted phased therapy in\ndiabetic wound healing","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081008065972400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00864","article-title":"Strategy for Treatment\nof Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers","volume":"54","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc. Chem.\nRes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081008065972400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.24075","article-title":"Surgical Site Infection\nPrevention:\nA Review","volume":"329","author":"Seidelman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081008065972400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.105109","article-title":"Current status,\nchallenges, and prospects\nof artificial intelligence applications in wound repair theranostics","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081008065972400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c01592","article-title":"Physicochemically Cross-linked\nInjectable Hydrogel:\nan Adhesive Skin Substitute for Burned Wound Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Shahriari-Khalaji","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081008065972400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0478-y","article-title":"Chronic Wound Healing:\nA Review of Current Management\nand Treatments","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. 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Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.002","article-title":"Recent progress of collagen, chitosan, alginate and other hydrogels\nin skin repair and wound dressing applications","volume":"208","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081008065972400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8080503","article-title":"Progress in Antibacterial\nHydrogel Dressing","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081008065972400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100477","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100477","article-title":"Wound Healing: From\nPassive to Smart Dressings","volume":"10","author":"Farahani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.06.018","article-title":"Use of\nphage therapy to treat long-standing, persistent, or chronic bacterial\ninfections","volume":"145","author":"Abedon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081008065972400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.020","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of hydroxylbenzenesulfonailides\nderivatives of chitosan, chitosan sulfates and carboxymethyl chitosan","volume":"45","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.10.023","article-title":"Development of water-soluble\nchitosan powder and its\nantimicrobial effect against inoculated Listeria innocua NRRL B-33016\non shrimp","volume":"85","author":"Alfaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.12.078","article-title":"New antimicrobial\nchitosan derivatives for wound dressing applications","volume":"141","author":"Dragostin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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Biol.\nMacromol."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2025.114135","article-title":"Preparation\nof oxidized hyaluronic acid based antibacterial material and its hydrogel\nby dynamic imine linkage","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.063","article-title":"Preparation, characterization,\nand antibacterial property of carboxymethyl cellulose derivatives\nbearing tetrabutylammonium salt","volume":"176","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol.\nMacromol."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.232","article-title":"Doxorubicin-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose\/Starch\/ZnO\nnanocomposite hydrogel beads as an anticancer drug carrier agent","volume":"160","author":"Gholamali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol"},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116481","article-title":"Preparation\nof millimeter-sized chitosan\/carboxymethyl\ncellulose hollow capsule and its dye adsorption properties","volume":"244","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.03.082","article-title":"Water-soluble\ncarboxymethylchitosan as green scale inhibitor in oil wells","volume":"215","author":"Macedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081008065972400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-022-02924-9","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity\nof quaternary ammonium salts: structure-activity relationship","volume":"31","author":"Nadagouda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081008065972400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16023626","article-title":"Antimicrobial\nPolymeric Materials\nwith Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081008065972400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12081800","article-title":"Hyaluronic\nAcid: The Influence of Molecular Weight\non Structural, Physical, Physico-Chemical, and Degradable Properties\nof Biopolymer","volume":"12","author":"Snetkov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers-Basel"},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276383","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1276383","article-title":"The antibacterial\nactivity of berberine against Cutibacterium acnes: its therapeutic\npotential in inflammatory acne","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081008065972400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1021\/jm8015365","article-title":"Identification\nof Novel Antibacterial\nPeptides by Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning","volume":"52","author":"Fjell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026081008065972400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13469","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b03182","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Geminized\nAmphiphilic Cationic Homopolymers","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026081008065972400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2024.112772","article-title":"Ethylene glycol derivative-pendanted quaternary ammonium\nantibacterial polymers with low cytotoxicity","volume":"206","author":"Yun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"6870","key":"2026081008065972400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a","article-title":"Antimicrobial\npeptides of multicellular organisms","volume":"415","author":"Zasloff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Biomacromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c02632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/8\/5079\/66315707\/acs.biomac.5c02632.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/8\/5079\/66315707\/acs.biomac.5c02632.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:23:11Z","timestamp":1786364591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article\/27\/8\/5079\/5235938\/Hyaluronic-Acid-Electrostatically-Grafted"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c02632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-7797","1526-4602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7797","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}}}