{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:05:58Z","timestamp":1789387558965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/P031684\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P031684\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/X001156\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X001156\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI135673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI135673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work reports a scalable strategy for producing polymeric medical devices with enhanced ultrasound (US) echogenicity via tailored dispersant design to support safer image-guided medical device placement. Real-time US imaging offers an alternative to X-ray imaging, reducing radiation exposure while enabling accurate device positioning\/monitoring. Previous studies showed that including bioabsorbable phosphate-based glass (PBG) microspheres into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) could improve echogenicity. However, aggregation and processing defects limited the performance. To address this, two classes of acid-functionalized dispersants were synthesized to improve the microsphere dispersion and compatibility with TPU. These, i.e., dodecenylsuccinic diacid (DDSD) and oligomeric methacrylate\/acrylates prepared using acid-functionalized chain-transfer agents, were grafted onto PBG microspheres via dip-coating and thermal treatment. Successful surface modification was confirmed by separation testing, SEM, and XPS. TPU composites containing the coated microspheres were then extruded into catheter-like structures and shown to demonstrate enhanced, more uniform echogenicity under clinical US imaging conditions without compromising the mechanical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c00731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:04:37Z","timestamp":1785852277000},"page":"5984-5996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contrast Agent\nDesign to Deliver Improved Ultrasound\nEchogenicity from Medical Devices: A Route to In-Ward Device Placement\nTracking"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Amy","family":"Stimpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]},{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech , , , ,","place":["Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, 24061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Roper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech , , , ,","place":["Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, 24061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Caruana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7868-3698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ifty","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordula","family":"Hege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sefton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]},{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7401-7209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abby R.","family":"Whittington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech , , , ,","place":["Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, 24061"]},{"name":"Virginia Tech , , , ,","place":["Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, 24061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1461-9851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Derek J.","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]},{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park , , ,","place":["Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091407064487000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2021.113640","article-title":"Polymer Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"262","author":"Hsissou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. 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Sci., Eng., Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407064487000_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399283","article-title":"Describing\nSmall-Scale\nStructure in Random Media Using Pulse-Echo Ultrasound","volume":"87","author":"Insana","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026091407064487000_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11941","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC04339H","article-title":"Polymeric Materials for Ultrasound\nImaging and Therapy","volume":"14","author":"Barmin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. 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