{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:05:58Z","timestamp":1789387558951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID), Fulbright Commission in Chile"},{"name":"Materials Characterization Facility at Carnegie Mellon University"},{"name":"Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Nanofabrication and Characterization Core Facility"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Widespread exposure and bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals have increased the incidence of metal poisoning, particularly in children. Although chelation therapy can remove toxic metals, current drugs are limited by toxicity and side effects, restricting treatment to severe cases. We report the synthesis of a water-soluble macromolecular chelator through esterification of dextran with tetraxetan (DOTA) to create a safer systemic chelator. Chemical characterization confirmed successful conjugation with a high degree of substitution. The resulting Dex-DOTA conjugate exhibited enhanced affinity for lead and cadmium, demonstrating the advantages of macromolecular architecture for metal selectivity and retention. Dex-DOTA also showed excellent colloidal stability, no cytotoxicity, and improved cell survival following metal exposure. In C. elegans, the conjugate was nontoxic and mitigated heavy metal-induced toxicity. These findings establish Dex-DOTA as a stable, selective, and biocompatible chelator with strong potential for safer systemic treatment of heavy metal poisoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c00847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:02:15Z","timestamp":1785974535000},"page":"6009-6022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heavy Metal Chelation\nand Bioprotective Activity of\nDextran-DOTA Macromolecular Conjugate"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-8643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Guajardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-2617"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5732-9649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hunter","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-2617"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5376-4682","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenyun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-2617"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neo","family":"Alpha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-2617"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9375-2356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefanie A.","family":"Sydlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-2617"]},{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-3890"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n          .  Exposure to Lead: A Major Public Health Concern. Preventing Disease\nthrough Healthy Environments; World Health\nOrganization2023."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit2","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n          .  Exposure to Cadmium: A Major Public Health Concern. Preventing Disease\nthrough Healthy Environments; World Health\nOrganization2019."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9535-3_6","article-title":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Children\u2019s\nHealth","volume-title":"Emerging Chemicals and Human Health","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7284-0_5","article-title":"Heavy Metal Contamination: An Alarming\nThreat to Environment and Human Health","volume-title":"Environmental Biotechnology: For Sustainable Future","author":"Mishra","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091407065490900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy Metal\nPollution in the Environment\nand Their Toxicological Effects on Humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit6","unstructured":"Garcia, B.; Cushing, S.; Lee, E.\n          Guidance for San Francisco Residents\nand Public Agencies: Lead Hazard Risk Assessment and Management of\nUrban Gardens and Farms\n          Department of Public\nHealth: San Francisco; 2017https:\/\/www.sfdph.org\/dph\/files\/EHSdocs\/ehsCEHPdocs\/Lead\/LeadHazardUrbanGardening.pdf."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit7","unstructured":"Kelly, M.\n          \n          Pittsburgh To\nRemove Lead Water Pipes by 2026 in Legal Settlement with Community\nGroups\n          2020\n          https:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/media\/2020\/200327."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-418688-0.00026-5","article-title":"Medical Countermeasures\u2500Chelation\nTherapy","volume-title":"Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology","author":"Flora","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/219840","article-title":"Chelation:\nHarnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification\u2500A Review","volume":"2013","author":"Sears","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091407065490900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13223969","article-title":"Chelators for Treatment of Iron and\nCopper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers","volume":"13","author":"Hruby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091407065490900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00129","article-title":"Chemistry, Pharmacology,\nand Toxicology of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A Chelating\nAgent for Chronic Metal Poisoning","volume":"35","author":"Flora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Res.\nToxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091407065490900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7072745","article-title":"Chelation in Metal\nIntoxication","volume":"7","author":"Flora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091407065490900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1685381","article-title":"177Lu-DOTATATE\nfor the Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091407065490900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1021\/bc060250q","article-title":"Peptidyl Molecular\nImaging Contrast Agents Using a\nNew Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Approach","volume":"18","author":"Yoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091407065490900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.371","article-title":"Improved Synthesis of DOTA Tetraamide Ligands for Lanthanide(III)\nIons: A Tool for Increasing the Repertoire of Potential PARACEST Contrast\nAgents for MRI and\/or Fluorescent Sensors","volume":"5","author":"De Leo\u0301n-Rodri\u0301guez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contrast\nMedia Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28968-4","article-title":"Combating Lead and Cadmium Exposure with an Orally\nAdministered Chitosan-Based Chelating Polymer","volume":"13","author":"Howard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026091407065490900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16535","DOI":"10.1039\/D5DT01880C","article-title":"DOTA Complexes\nwith Divalent Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury: X-Ray and Solid-State NMR\nStudies and Solution Isomerism","volume":"54","author":"Obuch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091407065490900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.1461","article-title":"DOTAM-Type\nLigands Possessing Arginine Pendant Groups for Use in PARACEST MRI","volume":"7","author":"Suchy\u0301","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.021","article-title":"Novel Amphiphilic\nDextran Esters with Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"150","author":"Stanciu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091407065490900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201900085","article-title":"Amino Acid\u2013Substituted\nDextran-Based Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery","volume":"19","author":"Zink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S379758","article-title":"A Novel Dextran-Based\nDual Drug Conjugate Targeted Tumors with High Biodistribution Ratio\nof Tumors to Normal Tissues","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091407065490900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1021\/bc700328s","article-title":"The Synthesis and Chelation\nChemistry of DOTA\u2013Peptide Conjugates","volume":"19","author":"De Leo\u0301n-Rodri\u0301guez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"issue":"140","key":"2026091407065490900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58803","article-title":"Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener\nSteglich Esterification in Acetonitrile","author":"Lutjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\nVisualized Exp."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091407065490900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NP00106K","article-title":"Ester Coupling Reactions\n\u2013 an Enduring Challenge\nin the Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products","volume":"32","author":"Tsakos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091407065490900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200600189","article-title":"Structure\nDesign of Multifunctional\nFuroate and Pyroglutamate Esters of Dextran by Polymer-Analogous Reactions","volume":"7","author":"Hornig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.06.005","article-title":"Functional Dextran\nAmino Acid Ester Particles Derived from N-Protected S-Trityl-L-Cysteine","volume":"181","author":"Bratus\u030ca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1021\/bm049532o","article-title":"Tailored Cellulose\nEsters: Synthesis and Structure\nDetermination","volume":"6","author":"Liebert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116457","article-title":"Gd(DOTA)-Grafted Submicronic\nPolysaccharide-Based\nParticles Functionalized with Fucoidan as Potential MR Contrast Agent\nAble to Target Human Activated Platelets","volume":"245","author":"Ramirez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr.\nPolym."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2020.109439","article-title":"PSMA Targeted Conjugates Based on\nDextran","volume":"167","author":"Janczewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111495","article-title":"Modified\nAmino-Dextrans as Carriers of Gd-Chelates\nfor Retrograde Transport and Visualization of Peripheral Nerves by\nMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","volume":"222","author":"Pashkunova-Martic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inorg.\nBiochem."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiernagle, T.\n          \n          Maintenance\nof C. Elegans\n          WormBook\n          2006\n          10.1895\/wormbook.1.101.1.","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.101.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.3896","article-title":"1H NMR Spectra. Part 29\u00a7: Proton\nChemical Shifts\nand Couplings in Esters\u2500the Conformational Analysis of Methyl\n\u03b3-Butyrolactones","volume":"51","author":"Abraham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091407065490900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/recl.19700890413","article-title":"An NMR Study of Intramolecular Shielding\nin Alkyl N(Arylsulfonyl)Methyl]-Carbamates, -Thiolcarbamates, -Thionocarbamates,\nand -Dithiocarbamates","volume":"89","author":"van der Werf","year":"1970","journal-title":"Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091407065490900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.5c00701","article-title":"Trackable Radioactive 177Lu-Microspheres\nInduce Immunogenic Cell Death by Transarterial Radioembolization Therapy\nin Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091407065490900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1021\/jz300510r","article-title":"Electronic\nStructures of Formic Acid (HCOOH) and Formate (HCOO\u2212) in Aqueous\nSolutions","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1144","article-title":"A Method for the\nHigh Efficiency of Water-Soluble Carbodiimide-Mediated\nAmidation","volume":"218","author":"Sehgal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52914-y","article-title":"Selection\nof an Optimal Macrocyclic Chelator Improves the Imaging of Prostate\nCancer Using Cobalt-Labeled GRPR Antagonist RM26","volume":"9","author":"Mitran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091407065490900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7290.2015.00025","article-title":"Cyclotron Production\nof High\u2013Specific Activity 55Co and In Vivo Evaluation of the\nStability of 55Co Metal-Chelate-Peptide Complexes","volume":"14","author":"Mastren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091407065490900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1021\/bc300037w","article-title":"Comparison of 64Cu-Complexing\nBifunctional Chelators for Radioimmunoconjugation: Labeling Efficiency,\nSpecific Activity, and in Vitro\/in Vivo Stability","volume":"23","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1486-6","volume-title":"Metal Complexes in\nAqueous Solutions","author":"Martell","year":"1996"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091407065490900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.03.013","article-title":"The Coordination Chemistry of 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N\u2032,N\u2033,N\u2032\u2033-Tetraacetic\nAcid (H4DOTA): Structural Overview and Analyses on Structure\u2013Stability\nRelationships","volume":"253","author":"Viola-Villegas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091407065490900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-014-3590-3","article-title":"Lutetium-177 Complexation of DOTA\nand DTPA in the Presence of Competing Metals","volume":"303","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091407065490900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15596","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00387","article-title":"Revisiting\nLead(II)-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-Tetraacetic\nAcid Coordination Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions: Evidence of an Underestimated\nThermodynamic Stability","volume":"7","author":"Tosato","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091407065490900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1070\/RC1998v067n08ABEH000343","article-title":"Complexes of Natural Carbohydrates\nwith Metal Cations","volume":"67","author":"Alekseev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Russ. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35248\/2329-6836.20.8.373","article-title":"Interaction of Metal\nIons with Mono-and Polysaccharides for Wastewater Treatment: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Joly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091407065490900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200802013","article-title":"Prospects of Metal\nComplexes Peripherally Substituted\nwith Sugars in Biomedicinal Applications","volume":"15","author":"Gottschaldt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem.\n\u2013 Eur. J."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026091407065490900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201200322","article-title":"Metal Complexation of a D-Ribose-Based\nLigand Decoded by Experimental and Theoretical Studies","volume":"2012","author":"Cisnetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"No. 8","key":"2026091407065490900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1039\/C39940001007","article-title":"Stability\nEnhancement of Heavy-Metal\u2013Macrocycle Complexes via Pendant\nAmide Coordination","author":"Carlton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026091407065490900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6698","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00130a008","article-title":"The Amide Oxygen as a Donor Group. Metal Ion Complexing\nProperties of Tetra-N-Acetamide Substituted Cyclen: A Crystallographic,\nNMR, Molecular Mechanics, and Thermodynamic Study","volume":"117","author":"Maumela","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026091407065490900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.10836","article-title":"The Genome of Caenorhabditis\nElegans","volume":"92","author":"Waterston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2020.02.004","article-title":"Caenorhabditis Elegans for Predictive\nToxicology","volume":"23\u201324","author":"Hunt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10454-3","article-title":"An Enhanced\nC. Elegans Based Platform\nfor Toxicity Assessment","volume":"7","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091407065490900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205784","article-title":"Improving the Human\nHazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update","volume":"121","author":"Tice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091407065490900_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2031","article-title":"Finding\nFunction in Novel Targets: C. Elegans as a\nModel Organism","volume":"5","author":"Kaletta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091407065490900_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.04.006","article-title":"Use of Non-Mammalian\nAlternative Models for Neurotoxicological\nStudy","volume":"29","author":"Peterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3357","article-title":"The C. elegans Model in Toxicity Testing","volume":"37","author":"Hunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091407065490900_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.068734","article-title":"Pharmacological Assays Reveal Age-Related\nChanges in Synaptic Transmission at the Caenorhabditis Elegans Neuromuscular\nJunction That Are Modified by Reduced Insulin Signalling","volume":"216","author":"Mulcahy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46642-6","article-title":"A Behavior-Based\nDrug\nScreening System Using a Caenorhabditis Elegans Model of Motor Neuron\nDisease","volume":"9","author":"Ikenaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091407065490900_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)62160-9","article-title":"Assessment of Locomotion\nBehavioral Defects Induced by Acute Toxicity\nfrom Heavy Metal Exposure in Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn121","article-title":"Caenorhabditis Elegans: An Emerging\nModel in Biomedical and Environmental Toxicology","volume":"106","author":"Leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091407065490900_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1897\/02-565","article-title":"The Effects of Metals\nand Food Availability on the Behavior of Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"22","author":"Boyd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026091407065490900_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379000600306","article-title":"A Promising\nIndicator of Neurobehavioral Toxicity Using\nthe Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans and Computer Tracking","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026091407065490900_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01091-6","article-title":"TOR Deficiency in C.\nElegans Causes Developmental Arrest\nand Intestinal Atrophy by Inhibition of mRNA Translation","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026091407065490900_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01255","article-title":"The TOR\nPathway Interacts with the\nInsulin Signaling Pathway to Regulate C. Elegans Larval Development,\nMetabolism and Life Span","volume":"131","author":"Jia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091407065490900_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.03.013","article-title":"Characterization of\nthe Effects of Methylmercury on Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"240","author":"Helmcke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091407065490900_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1039\/c2mt00146b","article-title":"Aluminium\nExposure Disrupts Elemental Homeostasis in Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"4","author":"Page","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"2026091407065490900_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.09.061","article-title":"C. elegans Development and Activity Test Detects\nMammalian Developmental Neurotoxins","volume":"121","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem.\nToxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091407065490900_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.31018\/jans.v12i1.2227","article-title":"Assessment of Lead Toxicity on Locomotion\nand Growth in a Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Nat. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091407065490900_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154529","article-title":"Multigenerational Effects of Heavy\nMetals on Feeding, Growth, Initial Reproduction and Antioxidants in\nCaenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Biomacromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c00847","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/9\/6009\/66422349\/acs.biomac.6c00847.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/9\/6009\/66422349\/acs.biomac.6c00847.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:29:41Z","timestamp":1789385381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article\/27\/9\/6009\/5246580\/Heavy-Metal-Chelation-and-Bioprotective-Activity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c00847","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-7797","1526-4602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7797","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}