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However, effective treatment remains challenging due to complex wound environments involving hemorrhage, bacterial infection, and inflammation. Herei, a multifunctional pH-responsive hydrogel (PCOB 1) was developed via multinetwork cross-linking and freeze\u2013thaw cycles using oxidized pullulan (OP), collagen, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and borax, and was impregnated with in situ stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The incorporation of AgNPs endowed the hydrogel with pH-triggered antibacterial activity, achieving &amp;gt;99% killing of E. coli and S. aureus, efficient biofilm disruption, &amp;gt;90% ROS\/RNS scavenging, and catalase-mimetic activity. The hydrogel demonstrated rapid gelation, self-healing, and hemostasis within 33.3 s. The hydrogel promoted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, enhanced collagen deposition, re-epithelialization, and granulation tissue formation, achieving 98.5 \u00b1 0.6% wound closure by day 14 in vivo. This study presents a multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c00896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:13:23Z","timestamp":1785849203000},"page":"5581-5602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["pH-Responsive\nMultinetwork Hydrogel with Antibacterial,\nAnti-Inflammatory, and Microenvironment-Modulating Properties for\nEnhanced Hemostasis and Wound Healing"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2283-6104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujahid","family":"Niaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Ghazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tehmina","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Women University Multan , , ,","place":["Multan, Pakistan, 60000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noshaba","family":"Munawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8008-4771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University , , , ,","place":["Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081008081369300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.12.026","article-title":"A Bioactive Composite Hydrogel Dressing That Promotes Healing of\nBoth Acute and Chronic Diabetic Skin Wounds","volume":"34","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"key":"2026081008081369300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.02.029","article-title":"Cell-Homing\nand Immunomodulatory Composite Hydrogels for Effective Wound Healing\nwith Neovascularization","volume":"36","author":"Byun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026081008081369300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5371","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14245371","article-title":"Biopolymer-Based\nWound Dressings with Biochemical Cues for Cell-Instructive Wound Repair","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"30","key":"2026081008081369300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100924","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202100924","article-title":"Engineering Bioactive\nM2Macrophage-Polarized Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial\nScaffolds for Rapid Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Repair","volume":"31","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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