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Photorheological analysis of these well-defined macromers demonstrated rapid light-induced gelation and tunable viscoelastic behavior, with controllable swelling and compression properties, revealing topology-dependent mechanical tunability. The 4-PSar-MA resin could readily produce high-fidelity 3D hydrogel constructs via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, including complex geometries such as a panda, a chess rook, and a 3DBenchy boat, with smooth interfaces and features. Encapsulated MC3T3 preosteoblasts maintained high viability under in situ photo-cross-linking, confirming cytocompatibility of the PSar-based matrix. Collectively, this work introduces the first photocurable star-polysarcosine system for DLP 3D printing, providing a chemically defined and structurally tunable hydrogel platform for advanced soft-material and biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c00940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:08:31Z","timestamp":1785128911000},"page":"5603-5610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polysarcosine\nas a PEG Alternative Feedstock for 3D\nDigital Light Processing of Tunable Biocompatible Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Guonan","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]},{"name":"Soochow University , , ,","place":["Suzhou, China, 215123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]},{"name":"Soochow University , , ,","place":["Suzhou, China, 215123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Bartolini Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]},{"name":"RCSI , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-3712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soochow University , , ,","place":["Suzhou, China, 215123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-4213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caroline","family":"Curtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5916-8500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas","family":"Heise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]},{"name":"RCSI , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]},{"name":"RCSI , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3147-3196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert D.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , , ,","place":["Dublin 2, Ireland, D02 YN77"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026081008082323000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2958","article-title":"3D bioprinting of tissues and organs","volume":"32","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat.\nBiotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081008082323000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-015-0001-4","article-title":"Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials","volume":"9","author":"Chia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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