{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:50:53Z","timestamp":1791820253916,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012683","name":"Walter Ahlstr?min S??ti?","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20260033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012683","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1797\/31\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1797\/31\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Research Council (DFG)","award":["540453780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["540453780"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three-dimensional bioprinting offers transformative potential for functional disease modeling and tissue engineering. These applications demand effective biomaterial sterilization to ensure reproducibility and clinical translation. This study evaluated pharmacopeia-standard disinfection and sterilization methods, including autoclaving, dry heat treatment (aerobic and anaerobic), ethanol washing (70%), UV irradiation, and filtration on three thermoresponsive hydrogels. The investigated hydrogels consist of Pluronic F127 (poloxamer 407) or two poly(2-oxazolines)\/poly(2-oxazine) based block copolymers, namely poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazine) (pMeOx-b-pnPrOzi), or poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (pMeOx-b-pPheOzi-b-pMeOx). Results showed that ethanol washing and UV irradiation sterilized inefficiently, while dry heat treatment caused partial thermal degradation (all polymers), compromised 3D-printability, and increased cytotoxicity (Pluronic F127), likely due to the formation of oxidative degradation products. Filtration effectively sterilized both pMeOx-based block copolymers, while Pluronic F127 required a combined approach of autoclaving and triple filtration to achieve complete sterility. Overall, filtration and autoclaving emerged as the most suitable sterilization method, balancing chemical stability, mechanical integrity, printability, and cytocompatibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c01032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:29:14Z","timestamp":1790314154000},"page":"6527-6542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Sterilization Techniques on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties, and 3D Printability of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Saba Nemati","family":"Mahand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki , , ,","place":["Helsinki, Finland, 00014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Palliyawaththage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki , , ,","place":["Helsinki, Finland, 00014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Maurice","family":"Pu\u0308tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki , , ,","place":["Helsinki, Finland, 00014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsa","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LUT University , , , ,","place":["Lappeenranta 53850, Finland, P.O. Box 20"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2658-9751","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Takmakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki , , ,","place":["Helsinki, Finland, 00014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-7404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Luxenhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki , , ,","place":["Helsinki, Finland, 00014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.09.010","article-title":"Hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"64","author":"Hoffman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101210514861500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1039\/d0tb02877k","article-title":"Recent advances in thermo-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101210514861500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.08.001","article-title":"Thermo-sensitive hydrogels for delivering biotherapeutic molecules: A review","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"032062","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/714\/3\/032062","article-title":"Thermo-sensitive hydrogel and their biomedical applications","volume":"714","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.04.028","article-title":"Poloxamer: A versatile tri-block copolymer for biomedical applications","volume":"110","author":"Zarrintaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101210514861500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11120671","article-title":"Poloxamer hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"11","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb9010011","article-title":"Formulation of poloxamers for drug delivery","volume":"9","author":"Bodratti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1081\/e-ebpp-120050057","article-title":"Chitosan and pluronic \u00ae F-127: Pharmaceutical applications","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials","author":"Domi\u0301nguez-Delgado","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit9","unstructured":"Inactive Ingredient Search for Approved Drug Products. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/iig\/index.cfm (accessed 04.05.2026)."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.04.032","article-title":"Recent progress in biomedical applications of Pluronic (PF127): Pharmaceutical perspectives","volume":"209","author":"Akash","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s418534","article-title":"Progress in pluronic F127 derivatives for application in wound healing and repair","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101210514861500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111302","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0238690","article-title":"Self-assembly of Pluronics: A critical review and relevant applications","volume":"36","author":"Di Spirito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101210514861500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2011.10.002","article-title":"Temperature responsive bio-compatible polymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(2-oxazoline)s","volume":"37","author":"Weber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.05.022","article-title":"Poly(2-oxazoline)s based biomaterials: A comprehensive and critical update","volume":"178","author":"Lorson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2022.111484","article-title":"Polyoxazoline: a review article from polymerization to smart behaviors and biomedical applications","volume":"178","author":"Nemati Mahand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026101210514861500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201200422","article-title":"Polyoxazolines for nonfouling surface coatings\ue5f8a direct comparison to the gold standard PEG","volume":"33","author":"Konradi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101210514861500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300168","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202300168","article-title":"Antifouling Properties of Poly(2-Oxazoline)s and Poly(2-Oxazine)s: Direct Comparison of Polymer-Coated Surfaces with the Same Coating Parameters","volume":"44","author":"Svoboda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1039\/c6py01320a","article-title":"Thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline)s, polypeptoids , and polypeptides","volume":"8","author":"Hoogenboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201100587","article-title":"Thermoresponsive Poly(2-oxazine)s","volume":"33","author":"Bloksma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026101210514861500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1039\/d5py00659g","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species-sensitive thioether-bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s: direct and controlled polymerization using an initiator salt","volume":"16","author":"Nemati Mahand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101210514861500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b00481","article-title":"A thermogelling supramolecular hydrogel with sponge-like morphology as a cytocompatible bioink","volume":"18","author":"Lorson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101210514861500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12445","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b21282","article-title":"Inverse thermogelation of aqueous triblock copolymer solutions into macroporous shear-thinning 3D printable inks","volume":"12","author":"Hahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816137-1.00091-X","article-title":"Sterilization and disinfection of biomaterials for medical devices","volume-title":"Biomaterials Science","author":"Harrington","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54046-2_14","article-title":"Sterilization of Biomaterials","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Biomaterials","author":"Hasirci","year":"2024"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101210514861500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6270","DOI":"10.1039\/d5bm01305d","article-title":"Effects of irradiation sterilization on the physicochemical and functional properties of commercial biomedical hydrogels","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041731416648810","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731416648810","article-title":"Sterilization techniques for biodegradable scaffolds in tissue engineering applications","volume":"7","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit27","first-page":"277","article-title":"Heat sterilization","volume-title":"Russell, Hugo & Ayliffe\u2019s: Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization","author":"Hancock","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit28","first-page":"172","article-title":"Sterilization by gamma irradiation","volume":"9","author":"da Silva Aquino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gamma Radiat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/jocr.jocr_1_21","article-title":"Resurgence of Plasma Sterilization: A Review","volume":"1","author":"Annapurna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ophthalmol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101210514861500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.10.014","article-title":"Ethylene oxide sterilization of medical devices: a review","volume":"35","author":"Mendes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118425831.ch15e","article-title":"Filtration sterilization","volume-title":"Russell, Hugo & Ayliffe\u2019s: Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization","author":"Walsh","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823948-3.00033-6","article-title":"Sterilization methods","volume-title":"Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine","author":"Colac\u0327o","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119282549.ch22","article-title":"Effective methods for disinfection and sterilization","author":"Ferna\u0301ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiot. Drug Resist."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101210514861500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.52711\/2321-5836.2021.00029","article-title":"Basic concepts of sterilization techniques","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharmacol. Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52024-3_4","article-title":"Methods of sterilization and disinfection","volume-title":"Microbiological methods for Environment, Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis","author":"Chauhan","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470755884.ch12a","article-title":"Sterilization: heat sterilization","volume-title":"Russell, Hugo & Ayliffe\u2019s Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation & Sterilization","author":"Gould","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(61)90881-2","article-title":"The effects of UV-irradiation on nucleic acids and their components","volume":"49","author":"Beukers","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42660-6_18","article-title":"Gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray irradiation","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Saf. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-023-10429-5","article-title":"Plasma sterilization for bacterial inactivation: studies on probable mechanisms and biochemical actions","volume":"44","author":"Barkhade","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plasma Chem. Plasma Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101210514861500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchas.2008.09.010","article-title":"Ethylene oxide","volume":"15","author":"Luttrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Health Saf."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415846-7.00035-4","article-title":"Filtration methods","volume-title":"Microbiology Of Waterborne Diseases","author":"Gray","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101210514861500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9050385","article-title":"Effects of Steam Sterilization on the Properties of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer-Based Hydrogels","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.32383\/appdr\/146102","article-title":"Impact of sterilisation conditions on the rheological properties of thermoresponsive pluronic F-127-based gels for the ophthalmic use","volume":"75","author":"Burak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122671","article-title":"A review of conventional and emerging technologies for hydrogels sterilization","volume":"634","author":"S A Bento","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101210514861500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00427","article-title":"An Inverse Thermogelling Bioink Based on an ABA-Type Poly(2-oxazoline) Amphiphile","volume":"22","author":"Hahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101210514861500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5191","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00806","article-title":"Effects of Autoclaving, EtOH, and UV Sterilization on the Chemical, Mechanical, Printability, and Biocompatibility Characteristics of Alginate","volume":"6","author":"Chansoria","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101210514861500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6481","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b04096","article-title":"Sterilization methods and their influence on physicochemical properties and bioprinting of alginate as a bioink component","volume":"5","author":"Lorson","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026101210514861500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49776","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c05476","article-title":"Tuning Rheology and Printability of Gelatin Methacryloyl\/Sodium Alginate Bioinks: The Role of Sodium Alginate Molar Mass and Sterilization","volume":"10","author":"Ha\u0301jovska\u0301","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101210514861500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36856","article-title":"Systematic in vitro biocompatibility studies of multimodal cellulose nanocrystal and lignin nanoparticles","volume":"108","author":"Imlimthan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit50","unstructured":"Beck, B.; Chen, Y.-F.; Dere, W.; Devanarayan, V.; Eastwood, B. J.; Farmen, M. W.; Iturria, S. J.; Iversen, P. W.; Kahl, S. D.; Moore, R. A.\n          Assay Operations for SAR Support\n          Assay Guidance Manual (AGM), 2017; Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101210514861500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9030380","article-title":"Sterilization procedure for temperature-sensitive hydrogels loaded with silver nanoparticles for clinical applications","volume":"9","author":"Rafael","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rbaf005","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaf005","article-title":"Balancing sterilization and functional properties in Poloxamer 407 hydrogels: comparing heat and radiation techniques","volume":"12","author":"De Lauretis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regener. Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/s0141-3910(02)00079-4","article-title":"Thermal oxidation of poly(ethylene oxide\u2212propylene oxide\u2212ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer: focus on low molecular weight degradation products","volume":"77","author":"Gallet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101210514861500_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/s0141-3910(99)00164-0","article-title":"Thermo-oxidative studies of poly(ether-esters) 2. Copolymer of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polybutylene oxide","volume":"68","author":"Botelho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101210514861500_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/chin.200324299","article-title":"Bond dissociation energies of organic molecules","volume":"34","author":"Blanksby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-35824-8.00007-4","article-title":"Additives for plastics","volume-title":"Brydson\u2019s Plastics Materials","author":"Al-Malaika","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101210514861500_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1039\/d4su00093e","article-title":"Chemical degradation of oxygenated polymers: the case of polyethers and polysiloxanes","volume":"2","author":"Salahudeen","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Sustainability"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101210514861500_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16172458","article-title":"Structural rheology in the development and study of complex polymer materials","volume":"16","author":"Ilyin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101210514861500_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14028\/j.cnki.1003-3726.2017.05.001","article-title":"Research progress on hydrogel rheology","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816957-5.00009-4","article-title":"Rheology of hydrogels","volume-title":"Rheology of Polymer Blends and Nanocomposites","author":"Baby","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit61","first-page":"83","article-title":"Rheological characterization of hydrogels","volume-title":"Polysaccharide Hydrogels: Characterization and Biomedical Applications","author":"Lapasin","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2024.108379","article-title":"Adapted sterilisation for the production of thermoresponsive hydrogels for downstream wound healing applications","volume":"132","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.008","article-title":"Increased connectivity of hiPSC-derived neural networks in multiphase granular hydrogel scaffolds","volume":"9","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101210514861500_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7030078","article-title":"Tuning the thermogelation and rheology of poly(2-oxazoline)\/poly(2-oxazine)s based thermosensitive hydrogels for 3d bioprinting","volume":"7","author":"Haider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s15057","article-title":"Thermoreversible Pluronic\u00ae F127-based hydrogel containing liposomes for the controlled delivery of paclitaxel: in vitro drug release, cell cytotoxicity, and uptake studies","author":"Nie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s122746","article-title":"Redox-sensitive Pluronic F127-tocopherol micelles: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026101210514861500_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.05.007","article-title":"Ethanol affects fibroblast behavior differentially at low and high doses: A comprehensive, dose-response evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Kar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101210514861500_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11101472","article-title":"Nanofibrous hydrogel nanocomposite based on strontium-doped bioglass nanofibers for bone tissue engineering applications","volume":"11","author":"Zare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026101210514861500_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24815","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ra02485k","article-title":"Fabrication and biocompatibility evaluation of hydroxyapatite\u2212polycaprolactone\u2212gelatin composite nanofibers as a bone scaffold","volume":"14","author":"Aminatun","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026101210514861500_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2502386","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202502386","article-title":"Traceless Photopolymerization with Non-Pulsed Red Light Enables 3D-Printable Cell-Laden Hydrogels","volume":"37","author":"Eftekhari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["Biomacromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c01032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/6527\/68646161\/bm6c01032.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/6527\/68646161\/bm6c01032.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:23:14Z","timestamp":1791818594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article\/27\/10\/6527\/5438107\/Impact-of-Sterilization-Techniques-on-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c01032","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.26434\/chemrxiv.15004579\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1525-7797","1526-4602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7797","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}