{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:48:39Z","timestamp":1791820119956,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023QN10C439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN10C439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22201081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22371079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22371079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To combat drug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial agents with tunable and multi-modal mechanisms are urgently needed. While membrane-disrupting polymers have been widely explored, precisely regulating their membrane interactions and downstream metabolic effects remains challenging. Here, using naturally occurring lipoic acid, we designed cationic cyclic oligo(disulfide)s (CCOs) that induce targeted membrane depolarization and trigger distinct downstream metabolic responses. CCOs exhibit species-specific killing mechanisms: membrane depolarization in Staphylococcus aureus and reactive oxygen species induction in Escherichia coli. The cationic-to-hydrophilic ratio governs both membrane interactions and metabolic regulation. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations revealed that fully cationic CCO1 adsorbs via electrostatic forces, whereas CCO2-64%, bearing partial hydrophilic groups, relies on a balance of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions, underlying its enhanced antibacterial selectivity. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that CCO1 disrupts ribosome assembly and sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism, while CCO2-64% downregulates oxidoreductase activity and nitrogen metabolism. With favorable biosafety and potent efficacy against methicillin-resistant S. aureus in a murine cutaneous abscess model, CCOs represent a tunable antimicrobial system with considerable clinical translation potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c01277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:02:22Z","timestamp":1788883342000},"page":"6682-6697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial Cyclic Oligo(disulfide)s with Tunable Hydrophilicity Dictate Membrane Interactions and Distinct Metabolic Interference"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0083-6664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-7861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin","family":"Bonduelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 , ,","place":["Pessac, France, F-33600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7650-3673","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-6347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xian","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3176-6300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510640"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-021-00313-1","article-title":"Towards the Sustainable Discovery and Development of New Antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Miethke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24830","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c21661","article-title":"Investigating the Antibacterial Efficiency and Mechanism of Indole- and Naphthalimide-Mediated Benzimidazoles: Membrane Damage, Metabolic Inactivation, and Oxidative Stress against Bacillus Subtilis","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis with Forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc9917","article-title":"A Polymeric Approach toward Resistance-Resistant Antimicrobial Agent with Dual-Selective Mechanisms of Action","volume":"7","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5480","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides: Application Informed by Evolution","volume":"368","author":"Lazzaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn9435","article-title":"Helicity-Directed Recognition of Bacterial Phospholipid Via Radially Amphiphilic Antimicrobial Peptides","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.028","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides Towards Clinical Application: Delivery and Formulation","volume":"175","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.016","article-title":"Recent Advances in Design of Antimicrobial Peptides and Polypeptides toward Clinical Translation","volume":"170","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1039\/c8py00012c","article-title":"Biomimetic Antimicrobial Polymers: Recent Advances in Molecular Design","volume":"9","author":"Ergene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b00458","article-title":"Recent Progress in Polymer Research to Tackle Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"19","author":"Konai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00797","article-title":"Synthetic Polypeptide Polymers as Simplified Analogues of Antimicrobial Peptides","volume":"22","author":"Salas-Ambrosio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01320","article-title":"Effect of Hydrophobic Groups on Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activity: Developing a Predictive Tool for Ternary Antimicrobial Polymers","volume":"21","author":"Phuong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01330","article-title":"Screening and Matching Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers for Efficient Antibiosis","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9143","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c02644","article-title":"Antimicrobial Pegtides: A Modular Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Based Peptidomimetic Approach to Combat Bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104402","article-title":"High Antibacterial Activity and Selectivity of the Versatile Polysulfoniums That Combat Drug Resistance","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp6604","article-title":"Fluoroamphiphilic Polymers Exterminate Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Eskape Pathogens While Attenuating Drug Resistance","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.4c01973","article-title":"Polyacrylamide-Based Antimicrobial Copolymers to Replace or Rescue Antibiotics","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19230","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c04624","article-title":"Biosourced Functional Hydroxybenzoate-Co-Lactide Polymers with Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"147","author":"Salas-Ambrosio","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adl4870","article-title":"A Host Defense Peptide\u2212Mimicking Prodrug Activated by Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn0771","article-title":"Switching from Membrane Disrupting to Membrane Crossing, an Effective Strategy in Designing Antibacterial Polypeptide","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41800","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c14236","article-title":"Bacterial Phospholipid-Inducible Helix-Transformable Antimicrobial Polypeptides","volume":"147","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1039\/d2bm00587e","article-title":"Host Defense Peptide Mimicking Cyclic Peptoid Polymers Exerting Strong Activity against Drug-Resistant Bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19057","DOI":"10.1039\/d4sc05797j","article-title":"Effect of Cyclic Topology Versus Linear Terpolymers on Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility: Antimicrobial Peptide Avatars","volume":"15","author":"Aquib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7814","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c01099","article-title":"Antimicrobial Macrocycles - Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity Comparison with Their Linear Polycationic Analogues","volume":"25","author":"Kopiasz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c00407","article-title":"Cyclic Poly(Alpha-Amino Acid) Quaternary Ammonium Salt with Potent Antibacterial Activity and Low Toxicity","volume":"26","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2025.113875","article-title":"Cyclic and Linear Cationic Polymers Based on Metathesis Polymerization for Antibacterial and Antifungal Applications","volume":"230","author":"Gonnot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c13231","article-title":"Cyclic Poly(Alpha-Peptoid)S by Lithium Bis(Trimethylsilyl)Amide (Lihmds)-Mediated Ring-Expansion Polymerization: Simple Access to Bioactive Backbones","volume":"143","author":"Salas-Ambrosio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18363","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c02752","article-title":"Structural Superiority of Guanidinium-Rich, Four-Armed Copolypeptides: Role of Multiple Peptide-Membrane Interactions in Enhancing Bacterial Membrane Perturbation and Permeability","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900147","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.201900147","article-title":"Molecular Architecture and Charging Effects Enhance the in Vitro and In vivo Performance of Multi-Arm Antimicrobial Agents Based on Star-Shaped Poly(L-Lysine)","volume":"2","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1039\/d1py01529j","article-title":"Star-Like Poly(Peptoid)S with Selective Antibacterial Activity","volume":"13","author":"Salas-Ambrosio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn8117","article-title":"Targeting the Phosphatidylglycerol Lipid: An Amphiphilic Dendrimer as a Promising Antibacterial Candidate","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00425","article-title":"Amphiphilic Dendrimer as Potent Antibacterial against Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Mouse Models of Human Infectious Diseases","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011024117","article-title":"Designer Broad-Spectrum Polyimidazolium Antibiotics","volume":"117","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101322","article-title":"Metabolite-Driven Reprogramming of Bacterial Persisters: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities for Overcoming Antibiotic Tolerance","volume":"84","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug Resistance Updates"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.01.012","article-title":"Boosting Bacterial Metabolism to Combat Antibiotic Resistance","volume":"21","author":"Bhargava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat7520","article-title":"Gallium Disrupts Bacterial Iron Metabolism and Has Therapeutic Effects in Mice and Humans with Lung Infections","volume":"10","author":"Goss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101208","article-title":"Rational Design of Peptides to Overcome Drug Resistance by Metabolic Regulation","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Resistance Updates"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00005-24","article-title":"Lipoic Acid Attachment to Proteins: Stimulating New Developments","volume":"88","author":"Cronan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00008-10","article-title":"Lipoic Acid Metabolism in Microbial Pathogens","volume":"74","author":"Spalding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022720118","article-title":"Staphylococcus Aureus Adapts to the Host Nutritional Landscape to Overcome Tissue-Specific Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Requirement","volume":"118","author":"Teoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742175","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.742175","article-title":"Lipoic Acid Metabolism as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Target against Plasmodium Falciparum and Staphylococcus Aureus","volume":"9","author":"Rei Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tb00581c","article-title":"Biological Applications of Lipoic Acid-Based Polymers: An Old Material with New Promise","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c01210","article-title":"Poly(disulfide)s: From Synthesis to Drug Delivery","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103668","article-title":"Advances in Cell-Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s for Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutics","volume":"28","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.216679","article-title":"Recent Advancements in the Design and Application of Thioctic Acid-Based Self-Assembled Materials","volume":"537","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202511440","article-title":"Poly-Lipoic Acid Trisulfide Particles: A New Donor with Continuous and Steady H2s Supply","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303459","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202303459","article-title":"Natural Antioxidant-Based Nanodrug for Atherosclerosis Treatment","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.2c00493","article-title":"Bioderived Lipoic Acid-Based Dynamic Covalent Nanonetworks of Poly(disulfide)s: Enhanced Encapsulation Stability and Cancer Cell-Selective Delivery of Drugs","volume":"34","author":"Mondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412633","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202412633","article-title":"\u0391-Lipoic Acid-Based Nanozyme for Treating Acute Epilepsy","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109070","article-title":"Drug-Initiated Poly(Thiocitc Acid) Polymer Incorporating Host-Guest Interaction for Cancer Combination Chemotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56507-4","article-title":"Lipoic Acid-Boronophenylalanine-Derived Multifunctional Vesicles for Cancer Chemoradiotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b12937","article-title":"Cryopolymerization of 1,2-Dithiolanes for the Facile and Reversible Grafting-from Synthesis of Protein\u2212Polydisulfide Conjugates","volume":"142","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giant.2020.100040","article-title":"Doxorubicin@ Pepylated Interferon-Polydisulfide: A Multi-Responsive Nanoparticle for Enhanced Chemo\u2212Protein Combination Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Giant"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15709","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c05997","article-title":"Room-Temperature Grafting from Synthesis of Protein-Polydisulfide Conjugates Via Aggregation-Induced Polymerization","volume":"144","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201711651","article-title":"Intracellular Delivery of Native Proteins Facilitated by Cell-Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s","volume":"57","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5236","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201813665","article-title":"Self-Assembled and Size-Controllable Oligonucleotide Nanospheres for Effective Antisense Gene Delivery through an Endocytosis-Independent Pathway","volume":"58","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202203393","article-title":"Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Bioreducible Polymers for Mrna Delivery","volume":"29","author":"Hickey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. - Eur. J."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11679","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c14010","article-title":"Biodegradable Lipid-Modified Poly(Guanidine Thioctic Acid)S: A Fortifier of Lipid Nanoparticles to Promote the Efficacy and Safety of Mrna Cancer Vaccines","volume":"146","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34449","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c08376","article-title":"Strain-Promoted Mrna Transdermal Delivery by Lipoic Lipid Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Skin Genome Editing","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1021\/ja501581b","article-title":"Cellular Uptake of Substrate-Initiated Cell-Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s","volume":"136","author":"Gasparini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.1039\/d0py00926a","article-title":"A Supramolecular Copolymer Based on Small Molecules, Used for a Multifunctional Adhesive and Rapid Hemostasis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203890","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203890","article-title":"Coacervate-Derived Hydrogel with Effective Water Repulsion and Robust Underwater Bioadhesion Promotes Wound Healing","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado6292","article-title":"Recyclable Surgical, Consumer, and Industrial Adhesives of Poly(Alpha-Lipoic Acid)","volume":"385","author":"Pal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404297","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404297","article-title":"The Unprecedented Biodegradable Polyzwitterion: A Removal-Free Patch for Accelerating Infected Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13377","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c18448","article-title":"Versatile Solid-State Medical Superglue Precursors of Alpha-Lipoic Acid","volume":"147","author":"Pal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40222","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c16782","article-title":"An in Situ Self-Solidifying Poly(Lipoic-Acid) Liquid Adhesive Forms Pathogen-Resistant Barrier for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123489","article-title":"A Poly(Lipoic Acid)-Based Elastomer Adhesive with Synergistic Activity of Microenvironment Regulation and Peripheral Neuropathy Repair Facilitates Infectious Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"324","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202200535","article-title":"Controllable Disulfide Exchange Polymerization of Polyguanidine for Effective Biomedical Applications by Thiol-Mediated Uptake","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6637","DOI":"10.1039\/d2py01084d","article-title":"Glutathione-Triggered Biodegradable Poly(disulfide)s: Ring-Opening Copolymerization and Potent Antibacterial Activity","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6772","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c16627","article-title":"Synthesis of Cationic Cyclic Oligo(disulfide)s Via Cyclo-Depolymerization: A Redox-Responsive and Potent Antibacterial Reagent","volume":"147","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"acsami.5c20689","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c20689","article-title":"Antibacterial Poly(disulfide) Elastomer Featuring High Metal Adhesion and Closed-Loop Recyclability","volume":"18","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11017","DOI":"10.1039\/d5sc09816e","article-title":"A Poly(trisulfide) Oligomer with Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"17","author":"Pople","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02805-2","article-title":"Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects against Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure Via Aldh2-Dependent Nrf1-Fundc1 Signaling","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500271","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202500271","article-title":"Robust Injectable Hydrogels for Hemophilic Arthropathy Via Anti-Inflammation, Iron Removal and Cartilage Protection","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c00049","article-title":"Biological Glue from Only Lipoic Acid for Scarless Wound Healing by Anti-Inflammation and Tgf-\u0392 Regulation","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0051","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0051","article-title":"Host-Defense-Peptide-Mimicking Beta-Peptide Polymer Acting as a Dual-Modal Antibacterial Agent by Interfering Quorum Sensing and Killing Individual Bacteria Simultaneously","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7812","DOI":"10.1021\/jp071097f","article-title":"The Martini Force Field: Coarse Grained Model for Biomolecular Simulations","volume":"111","author":"Marrink","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.5b00056","article-title":"Automated Parametrization of the Coarse-Grained Martini Force Field for Small Organic Molecules","volume":"11","author":"Bereau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c10659","article-title":"Secondary Amine Pendant Beta-Peptide Polymers Displaying Potent Antibacterial Activity and Promising Therapeutic Potential in Treating Mrsa-Induced Wound Infections and Keratitis","volume":"144","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00140-17","article-title":"New Mouse Model for Chronic Infections by Gram-Negative Bacteria Enabling the Study of Anti-Infective Efficacy and Host-Microbe Interactions","volume":"8","author":"Pletzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9228","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00303","article-title":"Cyclic Derivative of Host-Defense Peptide Idr-1018 Improves Proteolytic Stability, Suppresses Inflammation, and Enhances in Vivo Activity","volume":"63","author":"Etayash","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2012.04.003","article-title":"Emerging Trends in Macromolecular Antimicrobials to Fight Multi-Drug-Resistant Infections","volume":"7","author":"Engler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15824","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c03301","article-title":"Self-Assembling Peptide Dendron Nanoparticles with High Stability and a Multimodal Antimicrobial Mechanism of Action","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx0153","article-title":"Proteolytic-Resistant Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibers Combat Specific Bacterial Infections Via Trap and Kill","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101210522313100_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.042","article-title":"Magnesium Flux Modulates Ribosomes to Increase Bacterial Survival","volume":"177","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Biomacromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c01277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/6682\/68450796\/bm6c01277.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/6682\/68450796\/bm6c01277.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:09:32Z","timestamp":1791817772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/bomaf6\/article\/27\/10\/6682\/5426495\/Antibacterial-Cyclic-Oligo-disulfide-s-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biomac.6c01277","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-7797","1526-4602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7797","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}