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A common strategy against amyloidogenesis is to minimize the populations of toxic oligomers and protofibrils by inhibiting protein aggregation with small molecules or nanoparticles. However, melanin synthesis in nature is realized by accelerated protein fibrillation to circumvent accumulation of toxic intermediates. Accordingly, we designed and demonstrated the use of star-shaped poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) nanostructures for promoting aggregation while ameliorating the toxicity of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), the peptide involved in glycemic control and the pathology of type 2 diabetes. The binding of PHEA elevated the \u03b2-sheet content in IAPP aggregates while rendering a new morphology of \u201cstelliform\u201d amyloids originating from the polymers. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the PHEA arms served as rodlike scaffolds for IAPP binding and subsequently accelerated IAPP aggregation by increased local peptide concentration. The tertiary structure of the star nanoparticles was found to be essential for driving the specific interactions required to impel the accelerated IAPP aggregation. This study sheds new light on the structure\u2013toxicity relationship of IAPP and points to the potential of exploiting star polymers as a new class of therapeutic agents against amyloidogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b01301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T17:43:09Z","timestamp":1508175789000},"page":"4249-4260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Star Polymers Reduce Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Toxicity\nvia Accelerated Amyloid Aggregation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Emily H.","family":"Pilkington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Institute of Medical Research , 9 Princes Street , , ,","place":["Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, 3065"]},{"name":"The University of Melbourne , , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Kakinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Antonie","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne , , 30 Flemington Rd , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-3932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4642-0273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esteban N.","family":"Gurzov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Institute of Medical Research , 9 Princes Street , , ,","place":["Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, 3065"]},{"name":"The University of Melbourne , , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1850-6336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University , , , ,","place":["Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4593-1170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John F.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-4986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]},{"name":"University of Warwick , , , ,","place":["Gibbet Hill, Coventry, United Kingdom, CV4 7AL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-0859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pu Chun","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , 381 Royal Parade , , ,","place":["Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090301544107300_cit1","volume-title":"Global status report\non noncommunicable diseases 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