{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T21:27:34Z","timestamp":1786742854669,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMR\/2016\/000174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMR\/2016\/000174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005808","name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15IRCCSG029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15IRCCSG029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Performing biocatalysis in nonaqueous solvents is advantageous as it imparts enhanced solubility to hydrophobic substrates and an ability to increase the temperature for shifting reaction equilibrium in the forward direction. In this work, we show the design and development of another class of nonaqueous composite solvent obtained by mixing surface modified enzyme and neat ionic liquid (IL). We systematically probe the interaction and solubility of industrially relevant \u03b1-chymotrypsin in its native or surface-bound polymer\u2013surfactant bioconjugated form, with neat protic (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium trifluoromethanesulfonate; [NMP]\u00ad[OTf]), or aprotic (1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate; [HO3S\u00ad(CH2)4MIm]\u00ad[OTf]), ILs. Polarized optical micrographs show that the lyophilized powder of native \u03b1-chymotrypsin, nCT, does not disperse in either of the neat ILs, however, its polymer surfactant (PS)-coated bioconjugate counterparts, PScCT, in the waterless state, can be well-dispersed and solubilized in the neat [HO3S\u00ad(CH2)4MIm]\u00ad[OTf]. The solubilization of waterless bioconjugates of PScCT in neat aprotic IL provides a composite liquid, WL-ImPScCT (WL: waterless, Im: [HO3S\u00ad(CH2)4MIm]\u00ad[OTf]), having a viscosity of 69.6 Pa\u00b7s at 25 \u00b0C with a shear-thinning behavior, \u2248 15 w\/w % \u03b1-chymotrypsin, and \u2248 1.2 w\/w % residual water content. Detailed secondary structural analysis using circular dichroism and Fourier self-deconvolution on the ATR-FTIR data of WL-ImPScCT liquid reveals retention of the near native secondary structure of \u03b1-chymotrypsin. Further, using a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and electron spray ionization mass spectrometry, we show that scattering of dry and powdered bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein on the WL-ImPScCT composite liquid results in the solubilization of the former, followed by limited proteolysis of BSA by the \u03b1-chymotrypsin. Our results, therefore, show the stabilization of \u03b1-chymotrypsin in a neat aprotic IL environment to yield a composite liquid, which not only acts as a nonaqueous, nonvolatile, and environmentally benign solvent, but also provides a biocatalytic platform capable of carrying out reactions relevant for biotransformations, food processing, drug delivery, and various other applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T14:29:03Z","timestamp":1576506543000},"page":"867-877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Neat<\/i>\n                    Ionic liquid and \u03b1\u2011Chymotrypsin-Polymer\nSurfactant Conjugate-Based Biocatalytic Solvent"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anasua","family":"Mukhopadhayay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-6698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kamendra P.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081416122761700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.1021\/nl802315h","article-title":"Biodegradation of single-walled\ncarbon nanotubes through enzymatic catalysis","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081416122761700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079237","article-title":"Dispelling the myths-biocatalysis\nin industrial synthesis","volume":"299","author":"Schoemaker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081416122761700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2007.10.007","article-title":"Enzyme activation\nfor organic solvents made easy","volume":"26","author":"Serdakowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026081416122761700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3773(20000703)39:13&lt;2226::AID-ANIE2226&gt;3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Properties and synthetic\napplications of enzymes in organic solvents","volume":"39","author":"Carrea","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angew. 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