{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:03:04Z","timestamp":1789495384626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GAP-101166855y sdd"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAP-101166855y sdd"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2317423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2317423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2418861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2418861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2418861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2418861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) have emerged as promising polymeric building blocks for high-performance composites and porous solids due to their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In contrast, their optical, and specifically, luminescent properties have remained unexplored because conventional aramid polymers are weak emitters. Here we demonstrate that ANFs can exhibit strong and tunable photoluminescence. ANFs prepared in DMSO-KOH initially exist as fully deprotonated nanofiber dispersions and are nonfluorescent. Gradual protonation induces intense emission accompanied by a blue shift of the photoluminescence maximum from 650 to 510 nm. Quantum-mechanical calculations reveal that protonation increases the HOMO\u2013LUMO gap and converts the dominant relaxation pathway of the optically excited electronic states from the forbidden \u03c0* \u2192 n transition to allowed \u03c0* \u2192 \u03c0 transition. Unlike macroscale fibers of aramid that are also protonated but virtually nonfluorescent, ANFs have a partially disordered nanofibrillar structure with much reduced size of crystalline domains, which also plays an important role in ANF photophysics. Misalignment of the macromolecules suppresses rapid nonradiative recombination via overlapping aromatic states in \u03c0 \u2013 \u03c0 stacks. Confocal microscopy shows that (1) each ANF fibril has strong luminescence and (2) macroscale ANF-based materials preserve nanoscale organization responsible for optical emission. These findings demonstrate that controlled molecular disorder impart functional optical benefits to ANFs, opening new opportunities in optoelectronics, sensing, and photonics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6c01205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:02:13Z","timestamp":1787032933000},"page":"8895-8903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photoluminescence\nof Aramid Nanofibers: The Benefits\nof Partially Disordered State"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sangwok","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]},{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]},{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6864-5804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Kotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]},{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]},{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]},{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026091513064117600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6945","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2014003","article-title":"Dispersions\nof Aramid Nanofibers: A New Nanoscale Building Block","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit2","article-title":"Aramid Nanofiber\nAerogels: Preparation, Modification, Composite Fabrication, and Applications","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091513064117600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c18620","article-title":"Fast and\nMassive Production of Aramid Nanofibers via Molecule Intercalation","volume":"147","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091513064117600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071412","article-title":"Recent Advances on Metal-Based near-Infrared and Infrared Emitting\nOLEDs","volume":"24","author":"Ibrahim-Ouali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2023.102011","article-title":"Efficient Mechanochemically for the\nPreparation of High Performance\nAramid Nanofibers and KOH\/DMSO Superbase","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl.\nMater. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1557\/s43577-024-00698-6","article-title":"Complexity, Disorder,\nand Functionality of Nanoscale\nMaterials","volume":"49","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"MRS Bulletin."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091513064117600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5566","DOI":"10.1063\/1.445676","article-title":"A Simple\nModel for the Ionization Potential, Electron Affinity, and Aqueous\nRedox Potentials of Small Semiconductor Crystallites","volume":"79","author":"Brus","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Physics."},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pc.41.100190.002401","article-title":"The Quantum Mechanics of Larger Semiconductor\nClusters","volume":"41","author":"Bawendi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091513064117600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1134\/s0021364023130040","article-title":"Quantum\nSize Effect in Three-Dimensional Microscopic\nSemiconductor Crystals","volume":"34","author":"Ekimov","year":"1981","journal-title":"JETP Lett."},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46312-4","volume-title":"Principles of Fluorescence\nSpectroscopy","author":"Lakowicz","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit36","volume-title":"Modern Molecular Photochemistry","author":"Turro","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A312","DOI":"10.1021\/ed073pA312","article-title":"Organic\nChemistry, Third Edition (Carey, Francis A.)","volume":"7","author":"Lash","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chem. 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Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091513064117600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.81","article-title":"The ORCA Program\nSystem","volume":"2","author":"Neese","year":"2012","journal-title":"WIREs Comput Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091513064117600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464913","article-title":"Density-functional\nThermochemistry. III. The Role of Exact Exchange","volume":"98","author":"Becke","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091513064117600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.37.785","article-title":"Development\nof the Colle-Salvetti\nCorrelation-Energy Formula into a Functional of the Electron Density","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091513064117600_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.2c02032","article-title":"Searching\nfor a Reliable Density\nFunctional for Molecule\u2013Environment Interactions, Found B97M-V\/Def2-mTZVP","volume":"126","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2008.10.036","article-title":"Efficient, Approximate\nand Parallel Hartree\u2013Fock and Hybrid DFT Calculations. A \u2018Chain-Of-Spheres\u2019\nAlgorithm for the Hartree\u2013Fock Exchange","volume":"356","author":"Neese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1847\/1\/012054","volume-title":"Choosing a Solvation\nModel for Simulating Reactions in KOH (KOBut)\/DMSO Superbasic Media","author":"Kobychev","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026091513064117600_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-461X(1999)72:2&lt;155::AID-QUA8&gt;3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin Density Functional Methods-Part I. By Delano P. Chong, Ed. Recent\nDevelopments and Applications of Modem Density Functional Theory.\nBy Jorge M. Seminario, Ed","volume":"72","author":"Trickey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Chem."}],"container-title":["Chemistry of Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6c01205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/cmatex\/article-pdf\/38\/17\/8895\/66742536\/acs.chemmater.6c01205.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/cmatex\/article-pdf\/38\/17\/8895\/66742536\/acs.chemmater.6c01205.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:11:32Z","timestamp":1789492292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/cmatex\/article\/38\/17\/8895\/5268354\/Photoluminescence-of-Aramid-Nanofibers-The"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6c01205","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-4756","1520-5002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-4756","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5002","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}}}