{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:56:42Z","timestamp":1788332202626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0208901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0208901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18YF1417500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YF1417500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71622012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71622012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71690244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71690244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71722003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71722003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71804082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71804082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009986","name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Committee of the Communist Party of China","award":["61050600216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61050600216"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016486","name":"Harvard Global Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016486","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Volvo Group"},{"name":"Research Center for Green Finance Development, Tsinghua University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Large-scale population migration accompanied by rapid urbanization is expected to cause the spatial relocation of air pollution because of heterogeneous energy use and consumption preferences of rural versus urban areas in China. In this study, we adopted an integrated approach by combining a population migration model and environmentally extended input\u2013output analysis to quantify impacts of rural-to-urban (RU) and urban-to-urban (UU) migrations on emissions of NOx, SO2, and primary PM2.5 in China. Results indicate that population migration increases NOx (1.42 Mt), SO2 (1.30 Mt), and primary PM2.5 (0.05 Mt) emissions, accounting respectively for 5.4, 4.8, and 0.4% of China\u2019s total in 2012. RU migration, involving 54% of the migrating population, significantly increases NOx and SO2 emissions because of high urban indirect per-capita emissions from consumption and investment. RU migration influences negligibly primary PM2.5 emissions reflecting the small rural\u2013urban difference in per-capita emissions. Interestingly, UU migration, mostly from inland to coastal provinces, leads to a slight emission decrease for the three pollutants, attributable to the greener development in coastal cities. A significant emission growth can be traced back to heavy and utility industries, suggesting that future emission control of these sectors should reduce the exposure to air pollution of the growing urban population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T12:03:41Z","timestamp":1585310621000},"page":"6308-6318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Air\nPollutant Emissions Induced by Population Migration\nin China"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Guang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-3776","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100084"]},{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 10084"]},{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Urpelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University , , ,","place":["Washington,\nDC, United States, 20036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-Cui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100875"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haikun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, P. R. China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.05.012","article-title":"Impact of national NOx and SO2 control policies on particulate\nmatter pollution in China","volume":"77","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-4477-2017","article-title":"Impacts of coal\nburning on ambient PM2.5 pollution in China","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit3","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China\n          . The eleventh\nfive-year plan for environmental protection, 2007, http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/content\/2008-03\/28\/content_4877.htm (accessed Aug 20, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit4","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China\n          . The twelfth\nfive-year plan for environmental protection, 2011, http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/content\/2011-12\/20\/content_4661.htm (accessed Aug 20, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit5","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China\n          . Air pollution\nprevention and control action plan, 2013, http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/content\/2013-09\/13\/content_4561.htm (accessed Aug 20, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit6","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China\n          . The thirteenth\nfive-year plan for ecological and environmental protection, 2016, http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/content\/2016-12\/05\/content_5143290.htm (accessed Aug 20, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit7","unstructured":"Ministry of Environmental Protection,\nPRC\n          . Ambient air quality standards\n(GB3095-2012), 2012, http:\/\/kjs.mee.gov.cn\/hjbhbz\/bzwb\/dqhjbh\/dqhjzlbz\/201203\/t20120302_224165.shtml (accessed Oct 22, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit8","unstructured":"Xinhua News Agency\n          . The national research program for\nkey issues in air pollution control has been launched, 2017, http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/politics\/2017-09\/19\/c_129707178.htm (accessed Nov 14, 2019). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit9","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China\n          . Three-year\naction plan to protect blue sky, 2018, http:\/\/zfs.mee.gov.cn\/gz\/bmhb\/gwygf\/201807\/t20180705_446146.shtml (accessed Oct 31, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit10","unstructured":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment,\nPRC\n          . 2017 report on the state\nof environment in China, 2018, http:\/\/www.mee.gov.cn\/gkml\/sthjbgw\/qt\/201805\/t20180531_442212.htm (accessed Jan 10, 2019). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau9413","article-title":"Forty years of reform\nand opening up: China\u2019s progress toward a sustainable path","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit12","volume-title":"China Statistical Yearbook","author":"National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160005","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.5","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of population in mainland China,\n1990 to 2010","volume":"3","author":"Gaughan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1360\/n072016-00277","article-title":"Chinese urbanization 2050: SD modeling\nand process simulation","volume":"47","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Sin. Terrae"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/09535314.2016.1144563","article-title":"Challenges of green\nconsumption in\nChina: a household energy use perspective","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ.\nSyst. Res."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3165","article-title":"Unequal household\ncarbon footprints in China","volume":"7","author":"Wiedenhofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2013.10.001","article-title":"How does industrial\nstructure change impact carbon dioxide emissions? A comparative analysis\nfocusing on nine provincial regions in China","volume":"37","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2016.12.013","article-title":"Regional disparity\nin energy intensity\nof China and the role of industrial and export structure","volume":"120","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.03.010","article-title":"China\u2019s regional\nindustrial energy efficiency\nand carbon emissions abatement costs","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl.\nEnergy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11452","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02562","article-title":"The effect of economic\ngrowth, urbanization, and industrialization on fine particulate matter\n(PM2.5) concentrations in China","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.08.050","article-title":"How does\nurbanization affect GHG emissions? A cross-country\npanel threshold data analysis","volume":"229","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0477-8","article-title":"On the\nurbanization-pollution nexus in Africa: a semiparametric analysis","volume":"52","author":"Effiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qual. Quantity"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit23","first-page":"117","article-title":"Empirical\ninvestigation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for nitrous\noxide emissions for Mongolia","volume":"7","author":"Och","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy\nEcon. Policy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.293","article-title":"Changes in urban air\nquality during urbanization in China","volume":"188","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cleaner\nProd."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02047","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20164402047","article-title":"The effects\nof urbanization on the\nenvironment pollution in China (2002-2012)","volume":"44","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"MATEC Web Conf."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.03.053","article-title":"Global distribution\nand evolvement of urbanization and PM2.5 (1998\u20132015)","volume":"182","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.03.174","article-title":"Impact of urbanization\ngrowth on Malaysia CO2 emissions: Evidence from the dynamic\nrelationship","volume":"154","author":"Bekhet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2018.04.040","article-title":"What causes\nPM2.5 pollution? Cross-economy\nempirical analysis from socioeconomic perspective","volume":"119","author":"Ji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2018.09.001","article-title":"Responses of PM2.5 pollution to urbanization in China","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2011.02.009","article-title":"The impact\nof urbanization on CO2 emissions:\nEvidence from developing countries","volume":"70","author":"Marti\u0301nez-Zarzoso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.02.041","article-title":"Exploring\nthe relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in MENA countries","volume":"23","author":"Al-mulali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renewable\nSustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.086","article-title":"The impacts of urbanization on fine\nparticulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations: Empirical evidence\nfrom 135 countries worldwide","volume":"247","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5323-8","article-title":"CO2 emissions,\nreal output, energy consumption,\ntrade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis\nfor the USA","volume":"23","author":"Dogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1021\/es405117n","article-title":"Relationship between urbanization\nand CO2 emissions depends on income level and policy","volume":"48","author":"Ponce\nde Leon Barido","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.07.022","article-title":"Impact of urbanization\nlevel on urban air quality: a case of fine particles (PM2.5) in Chinese cities","volume":"194","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11184-y","article-title":"Effects\nof changing population or\ndensity on urban carbon dioxide emissions","volume":"10","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat.\nCommun."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.222","article-title":"How does urbanization\ninfluence PM2.5 concentrations? Perspective of spillover\neffect of multi-dimensional urbanization impact","volume":"220","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.114","article-title":"Regional\ndifferences in impacts of\neconomic growth and urbanization on air pollutants in China based\non provincial panel estimation","volume":"208","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.02.060","article-title":"Study on the\nrelationship between urbanization and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and its implication in China","volume":"182","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.342","article-title":"Quantifying the\nspatial heterogeneity influences of natural and socioeconomic factors\nand their interactions on air pollution using the geographical detector\nmethod: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China","volume":"232","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117649","article-title":"The effect\nof urbanization on environmental\npollution in rapidly developing urban agglomerations","volume":"237","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.244","article-title":"Coupling coordination relationship\nbetween urbanization and atmospheric\nenvironment security in Jinan City","volume":"204","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cleaner\nProd."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.07.127","article-title":"The effect of natural\nand anthropogenic factors on haze pollution\nin Chinese cities: A spatial econometrics approach","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9142","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02549","article-title":"Relationships\nbetween changes in urban characteristics and air quality in East Asia\nfrom 2000 to 2010","volume":"50","author":"Larkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13708","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03374","article-title":"Direct energy consumption\nassociated\nemissions by rural-to-urban migrants in Beijing","volume":"49","author":"Ru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.02.073","article-title":"Internal migration and urbanization in China: impacts on population\nexposure to household air pollution (2000-2010)","volume":"481","author":"Aunan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700300","article-title":"Urbanization-induced\npopulation migration has reduced\nambient PM2.5 concentrations in China","volume":"3","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit48","volume-title":"Tabulation on\nthe 2010 Population Census\nof the People\u2019s Republic of China","author":"National\nBureau of Statistics","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit49","volume-title":"1% National Population Sample Survey Data\n2015","author":"National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180155","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.155","article-title":"A multi-regional input-output table mapping China\u2019s economic\noutputs and interdependencies in 2012","volume":"5","author":"Mi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci.\nData"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.188","article-title":"The impact of the \u201cAir Pollution Prevention and Control Action\nPlan\u201d on PM2.5 concentrations in Jing-Jin-Ji region\nduring 2012\u20132020","volume":"580","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6571","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-6571-2014","article-title":"Emission\ntrends\nand mitigation options for air pollutants in East Asia","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/17445647.2016.1239556","article-title":"Origin\u2013destination\n(OD) of the interprovincial floating population of China","volume":"12","author":"Ai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Maps"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit54","unstructured":"National\nBureau of Statistics\n          . Population\nand employment, 2018, http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjzs\/cjwtjd\/201308\/t20130829_74322.html (accessed Aug 28, 2018). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit55","first-page":"16","article-title":"Composition\nof China\u2019s urban population growth between the fifth and sixth\ncensuses","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Popul. Dev."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit56","first-page":"2","article-title":"The growth composition of urban population in China\nand its contribution to urbanization: 1991-2010","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Popul. Sci."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit57","volume-title":"China\u2019s Auto Market Almanac","author":"China Automobile Dealers Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit58","unstructured":"China Emission\nAccounts and\nDatasets (CEADs)\n          . Energy Inventory, http:\/\/www.ceads.net\/data\/energy-inventory\/ (accessed March 10, 2018)."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170201","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.201","article-title":"China CO2 emission accounts 1997-2015","volume":"5","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511626982","volume-title":"Input\u2013Output\nAnalysis: Foundations and Extensions","author":"Miller","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00918-5","article-title":"Trade-driven relocation\nof air pollution and health\nimpacts in China","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10883","DOI":"10.1021\/es301949t","article-title":"Carbon,\nland, and water footprint accounts for the European Union: consumption,\nproduction, and displacements through international trade","volume":"46","author":"Steen-Olsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2635","article-title":"Substantial nitrogen\npollution embedded in international\ntrade","volume":"9","author":"Oita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1021\/es503637f","article-title":"Multiregional input-output model for China\u2019s\nfarm land and water use","volume":"49","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit65","volume-title":"Statistical Yearbook of the Chinese Investment\nin Fixed Assets","author":"National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit66","volume-title":"Statistical Yearbook of the Chinese Investment\nin Fixed Assets","author":"National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2014.07.016","article-title":"Characteristics of residential energy\nconsumption in China: Findings\nfrom a household survey","volume":"75","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0158-4","article-title":"Quantifying the rural residential energy transition\nin China from 1992 to 2012 through a representative national survey","volume":"3","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14139","DOI":"10.1021\/es503959t","article-title":"Examining air pollution in China\nusing production- and consumption-based\nemissions accounting approaches","volume":"48","author":"Huo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-017-0003-1","article-title":"Measurement\nof inequality using household\nenergy consumption data in rural China","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat.\nEnergy"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812955115","article-title":"Change in household\nfuels dominates the decrease in PM2.5 exposure and premature\nmortality in China in 2005-2015","volume":"115","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl.\nAcad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.17265\/1537-1506\/2013.10.001","article-title":"An evaluation on\nthe effects of the policy of the Great\nCampaign of Western Development of China in the first 10 years based\non the Kuznets Regional Inverted-U Theory","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin.\nBus. Rev."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-011-9794-1","article-title":"Preliminary\nstrategic environmental\nassessment of the Great Western Development Strategy: Safeguarding\necological security for a new western China","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2017.02.013","article-title":"Distribution of As,\nHg and other trace elements in different size\nand density fractions of the Reshuihe high-sulfur coal, Yunnan Province,\nChina","volume":"173","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.05.044","article-title":"Chromium and vanadium bearing nanominerals\nand ultra-fine particles in a super-high-organic-sulfur coal from\nGanhe coalmine, Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan, China","volume":"203","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.019","article-title":"Source apportionment\nof fine particulate matter in China in 2013\nusing a source-oriented chemical transport model","volume":"601\u2013602","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwx150","article-title":"Anthropogenic emission inventories\nin China: a review","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit78","unstructured":"National Development and Reform\nCommission; National Energy Administration, PRC\n          . Work plan for clean energy consumption (year 2018\u20132020), 2018, http:\/\/www.ndrc.gov.cn\/gzdt\/201812\/t20181204_922173.html (accessed Feb 18, 2019). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit79","unstructured":"Ministry of Environmental Protection;\nNational Development and Reform Commission; National Energy Administration,\nPRC\n          . Work plan for the full\nimplementation of ultra-low emission and energy-saving retrofit of\ncoal-fired power plants, http:\/\/www.mee.gov.cn\/gkml\/hbb\/bwj\/201512\/t20151215_319170.htm (accessed Feb 18, 2019). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176064","article-title":"Clean Air for Megacities","volume":"326","author":"Parrish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0339-6","article-title":"China\u2019s CO2 peak before 2030 implied\nfrom characteristics and growth\nof citiesr","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Sustainability"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit82","volume-title":"Urban China: Toward Efficient, Inclusive, and Sustainable Urbanization","author":"World Bank, Development Research\nCenter of the State Council, P. R. China","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit83","unstructured":"The State Council of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China\n          . National\nplan for new-type urbanization (2014\u20132020), 2014, http:\/\/ghs.ndrc.gov.cn\/zttp\/xxczhjs\/ghzc\/201605\/t20160505_800839.html (accessed April 1, 2019). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit84","unstructured":"Xinhua News Agency\n          . China\u2019s top 100 city districts\nof new-type urbanization for 2018 has been announced, 2018, http:\/\/cx.xinhuanet.com\/2018-10\/14\/c_137528216.htm (accessed April 1, 2019). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit85","unstructured":"Xinhua News Agency\n          . Report of the 19th National Congress\nof the Communist Party of China, 2017, http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/\/politics\/19cpcnc\/2017-10\/27\/c_1121867529.htm (accessed Jan 7, 2020). In Chinese."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-018-0101-5","article-title":"The urban south and the predicament\nof global sustainability","volume":"1","author":"Nagendra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Sustainability"},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059","article-title":"Megacities,\nair quality and climate","volume":"126","author":"Baklanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2005.10.005","article-title":"Urbanization\nin developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key\nchallenges for sustainability","volume":"28","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"2026081418184973400_cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2018.01.001","article-title":"Addressing\nthe rural in situ urbanization\n(RISU) in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei region: Spatio-temporal\npattern and driving mechanism","volume":"75","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cities"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c00726","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/54\/10\/6308\/17686743\/es0c00726.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/54\/10\/6308\/17686743\/es0c00726.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:26:01Z","timestamp":1786746361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/54\/10\/6308\/1648400\/Air-Pollutant-Emissions-Induced-by-Population"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c00726","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]}}}