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This study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal PFAS exposure and fetal reproductive hormones. A total of 752 mother-infant pairs who were recruited in the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study between 2013 and 2016 were selected. We quantified 10 PFAS, including two short-chain PFAS congeners (perfluorobutanesulfonate, PFBS and perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFHpA), in maternal blood plasma in early pregnancy. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and total testosterone (TT) were measured in the umbilical cord blood using chemiluminescence kits. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated by TT divided by SHBG. Multiple linear regression found that one ln-unit increase in maternal PFBS was associated with decreases in FSH (\u22120.159; 95% CI: \u22120.290, \u22120.029), LH (\u22120.113; 95% CI: \u22120.221, \u22120.004), and FAI (\u22120.009; 95% CI: \u22120.017, \u22120.001). In addition, PFHpA showed negative associations with LH (\u22120.154; 95% CI: \u22120.297, \u22120.011) and FAI (\u22120.008; 95% CI: \u22120.014, \u22120.002). When PFAS were analyzed in quartiles, significant negative associations were observed between PFBS and FSH, and between PFHpA and FAI. Overall, prenatal exposure to PFBS and PFHpA was associated with the disturbance of fetal gonadotropins as well as free androgen level in this prospective cohort, suggesting that the reproductive toxicity of short-chain PFAS may not be neglected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T15:26:50Z","timestamp":1591889210000},"page":"8291-8299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Association\nbetween Prenatal Exposure to PFAS and\nFetal Sex Hormones: Are the Short-Chain PFAS Safer?"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Nian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxianguli","family":"Aimuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1706-1611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit1","unstructured":"The Interstate Technology and\nRegulatory Council (ITRC)\n          . History and Use of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). https:\/\/pfas-1.itrcweb.org\/2-5-pfas-uses\/ (2020\/4\/17)."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.146","article-title":"Occurrence survey and spatial distribution\nof perfluoroalkyl\nand polyfluoroalkyl surfactants in groundwater, surface water, and\nsediments from tropical environments","volume":"607","author":"Munoz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.011","article-title":"Estimating\nhuman exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids via solid food and drinks:\nImplementation and comparison of different dietary assessment methods","volume":"158","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135885","article-title":"High trans-placental\ntransfer of perfluoroalkyl substances alternatives in the matched\nmaternal-cord blood serum: Evidence from a birth cohort study","volume":"705","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081417174808300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0720-1","article-title":"Maternal\nserum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and offspring\nbirth weight","volume":"87","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105139","article-title":"Association between perfluoroalkyl substance exposure\nand thyroid\nhormone\/thyroid antibody levels in maternal and cord blood: The Hokkaido\nStudy","volume":"133","author":"Itoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104929","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl and\npolyfluoroalkyl substances and fetal thyroid hormone\nlevels in umbilical cord blood among newborns by prelabor caesarean\ndelivery","volume":"130","author":"Aimuzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.100","article-title":"Prenatal\nperfluorooctanoic acid exposure is associated with early onset atopic\ndermatitis in 5-year-old children","volume":"231","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit9","unstructured":"United\nNations Environment\nProgramme (UNEP)\n          . The new POPs\nunder the Stockholm Convention. http:\/\/chm.pops.int\/TheConvention\/ThePOPs\/TheNewPOPs\/tabid\/2511\/Default.aspx (2019\/12\/24)."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit10","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Co-operation\nand Development (OECD)\n          . What\nare PFASS and what are they used for?http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/chemicalsafety\/portal-perfluorinated-chemicals\/aboutpfass\/ (2019\/12\/18)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081417174808300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/es070895g","article-title":"Are PFCAs\nbioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory\ncriteria and persistent lipophilic compounds","volume":"42","author":"Conder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122506","article-title":"Short-chain\nper- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic systems: Occurrence,\nimpacts and treatment","volume":"380","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.03.095","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to\nperfluorobutanesulfonic acid and childhood adiposity: A prospective\nbirth cohort study in Shanghai, China","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081417174808300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.07.064","article-title":"Chronic perfluorooctanesulphonic\nacid (PFOS) exposure produces estrogenic\neffects in zebrafish","volume":"218","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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