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This work presents measurements of air\u2013 and NAPL\u2013water interfacial tension for synthetic groundwater containing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), or aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) formulations at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to greater than 1000 mg\/L. The NAPLs tested included dodecane, tetrachloroethylene, and jet fuel. AFFF formulations were less efficient at lowering interfacial tension than PFOA, FPOS, or FOSA substances below 100 mg\/L, while above 100 mg\/L, these formulations were more effective, achieving tensions of less than 3 mN\/m. Infiltration of solutions with such low tension could lead to mobilization of residual NAPL. Equations based on interfacial tension measurements show that concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and FOSA at the air\u2013water interface were from 2 to 16 times greater than at the NAPL\u2013water interface below 100 mg\/L and were 10\u201350 times greater for AFFF below 20 mg\/L. Calculations for unsaturated soil estimate that up to 87% of PFOS mass was at the air\u2013water interface and less than 4% at the dodecane\u2013water interface for bulk-water concentrations below 1 mg\/L.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T09:18:35Z","timestamp":1600852715000},"page":"13590-13597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Aqueous\nFilm-Forming Foams Exhibit Greater Interfacial\nActivity than PFOA, PFOS, or FOSA"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-8582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jed","family":"Costanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University , , , ,","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02912"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-6145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda M.","family":"Abriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University , , , ,","place":["Medford, Massachusetts, United States, 02155"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-6397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kurt D.","family":"Pennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University , , , ,","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02912"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081717203975000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14352","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b02758","article-title":"1000-Fold\nPreconcentration of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances\nwithin 10 Minutes via Electrochemical Aerosol Formation","volume":"91","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. 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