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However, the MeHg production and bioaccumulation pathways in these ecosystems have not been completely unraveled. We measured Hg concentrations and stable isotope ratios of Hg, carbon, and nitrogen in the feathers and blood of geolocator-tracked little auk Alle alle from five Arctic breeding colonies. The wide-range spatial mobility and tissue-specific Hg integration times of this planktivorous seabird allowed the exploration of their spatial (wintering quarters\/breeding grounds) and seasonal (nonbreeding\/breeding periods) MeHg exposures. An east-to-west increase of head feather Hg concentrations (1.74\u20133.48 \u03bcg\u00b7g\u20131) was accompanied by significant spatial trends of Hg isotope (particularly \u0394199Hg: 0.96\u20131.13\u2030) and carbon isotope (\u03b413C: \u221220.6 to \u221219.4\u2030) ratios. These trends suggest a distinct mixing\/proportion of MeHg sources between western North Atlantic and eastern Arctic regions. Higher \u0394199Hg values (+0.4\u2030) in northern colonies indicate an accumulation of more photochemically impacted MeHg, supporting shallow MeHg production and bioaccumulation in high Arctic waters. The combination of seabird tissue isotopic analysis and spatial tracking helps in tracing the MeHg sources at various spatio-temporal scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T07:42:15Z","timestamp":1602834135000},"page":"13619-13629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Contrasting\nSpatial and Seasonal Trends\nof Methylmercury Exposure Pathways of Arctic Seabirds: Combination\nof Large-Scale Tracking and Stable Isotopic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-8745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marina","family":"Renedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Littoral Environnement et Socie\u0301te\u0301s (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS\ue5f8La Rochelle Universite\u0301 , 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges , ,","place":["La Rochelle, France, 17000"]},{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l\u2019Environnement et les mate\u0301riaux , ,","place":["Pau, France, 64000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Amouroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l\u2019Environnement et les mate\u0301riaux , ,","place":["Pau, France, 64000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce\u0301line","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Littoral Environnement et Socie\u0301te\u0301s (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS\ue5f8La Rochelle Universite\u0301 , 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges , ,","place":["La Rochelle, France, 17000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Be\u0301rail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l\u2019Environnement et les mate\u0301riaux , ,","place":["Pau, France, 64000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vegard S.","family":"Br\u00e5then","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research , ,","place":["Trondheim, Norway, 7034"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gavrilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Maritime Heritage: Sustain and Explore , ,","place":["Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199106"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gre\u0301millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etudes Biologiques de Chize\u0301, UMR 7372 CNRS\ue5f8La Rochelle Universite\u0301 , 405 Route de Prisse\u0301 la Charrie\u0300re , ,","place":["Villiers-en-Bois, France, 79360"]},{"name":"University of Cape Town , , Rondebosch, ,","place":["Cape Town, South Africa, 7701"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha\u0301lfda\u0301n\nH.","family":"Helgason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute , ,","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway, 9296"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Jakubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdan\u0301sk University , , ,","place":["Gdan\u0301sk, Poland, 80-308"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Mosbech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallvard","family":"Str\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute , ,","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway, 9296"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l\u2019Environnement et les mate\u0301riaux , ,","place":["Pau, France, 64000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wojczulanis-Jakubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdan\u0301sk University , , ,","place":["Gdan\u0301sk, Poland, 80-308"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-9390","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paco","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Littoral Environnement et Socie\u0301te\u0301s (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS\ue5f8La Rochelle Universite\u0301 , 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges , ,","place":["La Rochelle, France, 17000"]},{"name":"Institut 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U.S.A."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22997","article-title":"Tundra Uptake\nof Atmospheric Elemental Mercury Drives Arctic Mercury Pollution","volume":"547","author":"Obrist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8367","DOI":"10.1021\/es801635m","article-title":"Methylated\nMercury Species in Marine Waters of the Canadian High and Sub Arctic","volume":"42","author":"Kirk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Arctic Monitoring and Assessment\nProgram 2011: Mercury in the Arctic; Oslo, 2011."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit16","unstructured":"AMAP\n          . AMAP\nAssessment 2018: Biological Effects of Contaminants on Arctic Wildlife\nand Fish; Oslo, 2018."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2307\/2404350","article-title":"Historical\nChanges in Mercury Concentrations in the Marine Ecosystem of the North\nand North-East Atlantic Ocean as Indicated by Seabird Feathers","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.02.010","article-title":"Penguins as Bioindicators of Mercury\nContamination in the Southern Indian Ocean: Geographical and Temporal\nTrends","volume":"213","author":"Carravieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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Res."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11560","DOI":"10.1021\/es504045g","article-title":"Spatial Ecotoxicology:\nMigratory Arctic Seabirds Are Exposed to Mercury Contamination While\nOverwintering in the Northwest Atlantic","volume":"48","author":"Fort","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13398","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03421","article-title":"Wintering in the Western Subarctic\nPacific Increases Mercury Contamination of Red-Legged Kittiwakes","volume":"53","author":"Fleishman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27079-9","article-title":"Identification of Sources and Bioaccumulation Pathways\nof MeHg in Subantarctic Penguins: A Stable Isotopic Investigation","volume":"8","author":"Renedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212668","article-title":"Determinants of the\nLittle Auk (Alle Alle) Breeding Colony Location and Size in W and\nNW Coast of Spitsbergen","volume":"14","author":"Keslinka","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit42","volume-title":"Birds and Mammals of Svalbard","author":"Kovacs","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-008-0413-4","article-title":"Can Stable Isotope (\u039413C and\n\u039415N) Measurements of Little Auk (Alle Alle) Adults and Chicks\nBe Used to Track Changes in High-Arctic Marine Foodwebs?","volume":"31","author":"Harding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"key":"2026081717202684100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09590","article-title":"Little Auks Buffer the Impact of\nCurrent Arctic Climate Change","volume":"454","author":"Gre\u0301millet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. 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