{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:14:57Z","timestamp":1788311697685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000149","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EEC-1449501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EEC-1449501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Matrix New World Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trichloroethene (TCE) and perchlorate (ClO4\u2013) are cocontaminants at multiple Superfund sites. Fe0 is often used during TCE bioremediation with Dehalococcoides mccartyi to establish anoxic conditions in the aquifer. However, the synergy between Fe0 abiotic reactions and microbiological TCE and ClO4\u2013 reductions is poorly understood and seldom addressed in the literature. Here, we investigated the effects of Fe0 and its oxidation product, Fe2+, at field-relevant concentrations in promoting microbial TCE and ClO4\u2013 reductions. Using semibatch microcosms with a Superfund site soil and groundwater, we showed that the high Fe0 concentration (16.5 g L\u20131) expected during Fe0in situ injection mostly yielded TCE abiotic reduction to ethene\/ethane. However, such concentrations obscured dechlorination by D. mccartyi, impeded ClO4\u2013 reduction, and enhanced SO42\u2013 reduction and methanogenesis. Fe2+ at 0.25 g L\u20131 substantially delayed conversion of TCE to ethene when compared to no-Fe controls. A low concentration of aged-Fe0 synergistically promoted microbiological TCE dechlorination to ethene while achieving complete ClO4\u2013 reduction. Collectively, these results illustrate scenarios relevant at or downstream of Fe0 injection zones when Fe0 is used to facilitate microbial dechlorination. Results also underscore the potential detrimental effects of Fe0 and bioaugmentation cultures coinjection for in situ treatment of chlorinated ethenes and ClO4\u2013.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T12:53:48Z","timestamp":1604580828000},"page":"14422-14431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Synergistic\nZerovalent Iron (Fe0) and Microbiological Trichloroethene\nand Perchlorate Reductions Are Determined by the Concentration and\nSpeciation of Fe"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Srivatsan Mohana","family":"Rangan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85281"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85281"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatikah","family":"Mouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"LaPat-Polasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matrix New World Engineering, Inc. , , ,","place":["Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory V.","family":"Lowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT) , ,","place":["Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27708"]},{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University , , , ,","place":["Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Krajmalnik-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85281"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85281"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-0246","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anca G.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85281"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85281"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4115-1_1","article-title":"Bioaugmentation\nfor groundwater remediation: an overview","volume-title":"Bioaugmentation for groundwater remediation","author":"Lyon","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090120504653800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1021\/es061438n","article-title":"Experimental evaluation and mathematical\nmodeling of microbially enhanced tetrachloroethene (PCE) dissolution","volume":"41","author":"Amos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090120504653800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiy209","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiy209","article-title":"Reductive dechlorination\nof high concentrations of chloroethenes by a Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 11G","volume":"95","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology\nEcology"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit4","first-page":"395","article-title":"In situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethene source zones","volume-title":"Chlorinated solvent source zone remediation","author":"Stroo","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090120504653800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.24504","article-title":"Using electron\nbalances and molecular techniques to assess trichoroethene-induced\nshifts to a dechlorinating microbial community","volume":"109","author":"Ziv-El","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2012.02.005","article-title":"Nanoscale zero valent iron and bimetallic\nparticles for contaminated site remediation","volume":"51","author":"O\u2019Carroll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090120504653800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6085","DOI":"10.1021\/es060685o","article-title":"Effect of particle\nage (Fe0 content) and solution pH on NZVI reactivity: H2 evolution and TCE dechlorination","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090120504653800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1021\/es990884q","article-title":"Pathways and kinetics of chlorinated ethylene and chlorinated\nacetylene reaction with Fe (0) particles","volume":"34","author":"Arnold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090120504653800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1021\/es00162a001","article-title":"ES&T critical reviews: transformations\nof halogenated aliphatic compounds","volume":"21","author":"Vogel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120504653800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.09.057","article-title":"Effects of nano-scale zero-valent iron particles on\na mixed culture dechlorinating trichloroethylene","volume":"101","author":"Xiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.030","article-title":"Integration of nanoscale zero-valent\niron and functional anaerobic bacteria for groundwater remediation:\na review","volume":"124","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090120504653800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.11.053","article-title":"Dechlorination\nof PCE in the presence of Fe0 enhanced by a mixed culture\ncontaining two Dehalococcoides strains","volume":"55","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2015.10.003","article-title":"nZVI injection\ninto variably saturated soils: Field and modeling study","volume":"183","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090120504653800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.12.041","article-title":"Field assessment of carboxymethyl\ncellulose stabilized iron nanoparticles for in situ destruction of chlorinated solvents in source zones","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit15","unstructured":"US EPA.\n          , Search superfund site information. https:\/\/cumulis.epa.gov\/supercpad\/cursites\/srchsites.cfm."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit16","article-title":"Department of Defense Activities Related to Trichloroethylene,\nPerchlorate, and Other Emerging Contaminants","author":"Stephenson","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit17","volume-title":"Perchlorate in the Southwestern United States","author":"U.S. Department of Defense.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203756720-6","article-title":"TCE removal\nfrom contaminated soil and groundwater","author":"Russell","year":"1992","journal-title":"EPA\nEnvironmental Engineering Sourcebook"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120504653800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6041418","article-title":"Perchlorate: health effects and technologies for its\nremoval from water resources","volume":"6","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ.\nRes. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090120504653800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02987487","article-title":"Perchlorate as an environmental contaminant","volume":"9","author":"Urbansky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120504653800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2010.11.005","article-title":"Dissimilatory perchlorate\nreduction: a review","volume":"166","author":"Bardiya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026090120504653800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2007.06.002","article-title":"Concurrent\nbioremediation of perchlorate and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in an emulsified\noil barrier","volume":"94","author":"Borden","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit23","volume-title":"In situ bioremediation\nof perchlorate in groundwater","author":"Hatzinger","year":"2009"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090120504653800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1021\/es026007t","article-title":"Rate and\nextent of aqueous perchlorate removal by iron surfaces","volume":"37","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120504653800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1021\/es051682z","article-title":"Perchlorate reduction by autotrophic bacteria in the\npresence of zero-valent iron","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090120504653800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-004-0354-3","article-title":"Inhibition of bacterial\nperchlorate reduction by zero-valent iron","volume":"16","author":"Shrout","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090120504653800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.03.027","article-title":"Microbial reduction\nof perchlorate with zero-valent iron","volume":"40","author":"Son","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water\nRes."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.04.068","article-title":"Use of CAH-degrading\nbacteria as test-organisms for evaluating the impact of fine zerovalent\niron particles on the anaerobic subsurface environment","volume":"134","author":"Velimirovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090120504653800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7647","DOI":"10.1021\/es101786y","article-title":"Effect of bare and coated nanoscale zerovalent iron\non tceA and vcrA gene expression\nin Dehalococcoides spp","volume":"44","author":"Xiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090120504653800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.012","article-title":"Impact of nano zero valent iron (NZVI) on methanogenic\nactivity and population dynamics in anaerobic digestion","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090120504653800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6730","DOI":"10.1021\/es800086f","article-title":"Relation between\nthe redox state of iron-based nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity\ntoward Escherichia coli","volume":"42","author":"Auffan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.09.028","article-title":"The interactions\nbetween nanoscale zero-valent iron and microbes in the subsurface\nenvironment: a review","volume":"321","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit33","volume-title":"Handbook\nof groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers: applications\nto radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients","author":"Naftz","year":"2002"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090120504653800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1021\/es9800481","article-title":"Continuum between sorption and precipitation of Fe\n(III) on microbial surfaces","volume":"32","author":"Warren","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090120504653800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1021\/es903744f","article-title":"Impact of nanoscale\nzero valent iron on geochemistry and microbial populations in trichloroethylene\ncontaminated aquifer materials","volume":"44","author":"Kirschling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090120504653800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1196-2","article-title":"The impact of zero-valent iron nanoparticles upon soil\nmicrobial communities is context dependent","volume":"20","author":"Pawlett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090120504653800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2009.01268.x","article-title":"Dechlorinating and iron reducing\nbacteria distribution in a TCE-contaminated aquifer","volume":"30","author":"Zaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Groundwater Monit. Rem."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit38","first-page":"209","article-title":"A bioavailable\nferric iron assay and relevance to reductive dechlorination","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioaugmentation, biobarriers, and biogeochemistry. Battelle\nPress, Columbus, Ohio"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.09.030","article-title":"Characterization\nand quantification of groundwater sulfate sources at a mining site\nin an arid climate: The Monument Valley site in Arizona, USA","volume":"504","author":"Miao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit40","unstructured":"U.S. EPA.\n          \n          Drinking Water Advisory: Consumer Acceptability\nAdvice and Health Effects Analysis on Sulfate; EPA 822-R-03\u2013007; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: February, 2003."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit41","volume-title":"Sulfate in Drinking-water","author":"WHO.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090120504653800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2011.01372.x","article-title":"Chloroethene\nbiotransformation in the presence of different sulfate concentrations","volume":"32","author":"Pantazidou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Groundwater Monit. Rem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090120504653800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03384-16","article-title":"Effects\nof sulfate reduction on trichloroethene dechlorination by Dehalococcoides-containing microbial communities","volume":"83","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit44","volume-title":"Trade-offs in Utilizing\nof Zero-Valent Iron for Synergistic Biotic and Abiotic Reduction of\nTrichloroethene and Perchlorate in Soil and Groundwater","author":"Rangan","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit45","unstructured":"Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix-Goodyear Airport\nNorth | Site History. http:\/\/www.azdeq.gov\/phoenix-goodyear-airport-north-site-history-0."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090120504653800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11297","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b03097","article-title":"Coupling bioflocculation\nof Dehalococcoides mccartyi to high-rate reductive\ndehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes","volume":"51","author":"Delgado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090120504653800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00053","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00053-16","article-title":"Impact of ammonium on syntrophic organohalide-respiring\nand fermenting microbial communities","volume":"1","author":"Delgado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090120504653800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100654","article-title":"Selective enrichment yields robust\nethene-producing dechlorinating cultures from microcosms stalled at cis-dichloroethene","volume":"9","author":"Delgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090120504653800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-009-0600-5","article-title":"Large-scale production of bacterial\nconsortia for remediation of chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater","volume":"36","author":"Vainberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090120504653800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13914","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04895","article-title":"Abundance of chlorinated\nsolvent and 1, 4-dioxane degrading microorganisms at five chlorinated\nsolvent contaminated sites determined via shotgun sequencing","volume":"52","author":"Dang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090120504653800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00072","article-title":"Metagenome-guided\nproteomic quantification of reductive dehalogenases in the Dehalococcoides mccartyi-containing consortium SDC-9","volume":"19","author":"Kucharzyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090120504653800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-128","article-title":"Role of bicarbonate\nas a pH buffer and electron sink in microbial dechlorination of chloroethenes","volume":"11","author":"Delgado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(05)97005-5","article-title":"Enrichment,\ncultivation, and detection of reductively dechlorinating bacteria","volume":"397","author":"Lo\u0308ffler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090120504653800_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3388-y","article-title":"Development\nand characterization of DehaloR2, a novel anaerobic microbial consortium\nperforming rapid dechlorination of TCE to ethene","volume":"92","author":"Ziv-El","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090120504653800_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bms258","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of chlorinated\nethenes and ethene in groundwater using headspace solid-phase microextraction\nwith gas chromatography","volume":"52","author":"Ziv-El","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090120504653800_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5263-5","article-title":"Successful\noperation of continuous reactors at short retention times results\nin high-density, fast-rate Dehalococcoides dechlorinating\ncultures","volume":"98","author":"Delgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit57","article-title":"Reductive dechlorination\nsustained by microbial chain elongation","author":"Robles","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090120504653800_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-high-throughput microbial community\nanalysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms","volume":"6","author":"Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit60","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive,\nscalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090120504653800_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina\namplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026090120504653800_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0470-z","article-title":"Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker-gene\namplicon sequences with QIIME 2\u2019s q2-feature-classifier plugin","author":"Bokulich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090120504653800_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.139","article-title":"An improved Greengenes taxonomy with\nexplicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary analyses of bacteria\nand archaea","volume":"6","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090120504653800_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1021\/es9006383","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced by zero-valent\niron nanoparticles and Fe (II) in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"43","author":"Keenan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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