{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:30:08Z","timestamp":1792794608288,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccbyncnd_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007298","name":"Climate Program Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA18OAR4310110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA18OAR4310110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007298","name":"Climate Program Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA18OAR4310111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA18OAR4310111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nitrogen oxides (NOx) play a key role in regulating the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere through controlling the abundance of O3, OH, and other important gas and particle species. Some recent studies have suggested that particulate nitrate, which is conventionally considered as the ultimate oxidation product of NOx, can undergo \u201crenoxification\u201d via photolysis, recycling NOx and HONO back to the gas phase. However, there are large discrepancies in estimates of the importance of this channel, with reported renoxification rate constants spanning three orders of magnitude. In addition, previous laboratory studies derived the rate constant using bulk particle samples collected on substrates instead of suspended particles. In this work, we study renoxification of suspended submicron particulate sodium and ammonium nitrate through controlled laboratory photolysis experiments using an environmental chamber. We find that, under atmospherically relevant wavelengths and relative humidities, particulate inorganic nitrate releases NOx and HONO less than 10 times as rapidly as gaseous nitric acid, putting our measurements on the low end of recently reported renoxification rate constants. To the extent that our laboratory conditions are representative of the real atmosphere, renoxification from the photolysis of inorganic particulate nitrate appears to play a limited role in contributing to the NOx and OH budgets in remote environments. These results are based on simplified model systems; future studies should investigate renoxification of more complex aerosol mixtures that represent a broader spectrum of aerosol properties to better constrain the photolysis of ambient aerosols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T09:57:09Z","timestamp":1609754229000},"page":"854-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Laboratory\nInvestigation of Renoxification from the\nPhotolysis of Inorganic Particulate Nitrate"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto Scarborough , , , ,","place":["Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-6687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto Scarborough , , , ,","place":["Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan E.","family":"Krechmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerodyne Research Incorporated , , , ,","place":["Billerica, Massachusetts, United States, 01821"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-5738","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colette L.","family":"Heald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02139"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8865-5463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto , , , ,","place":["Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-521X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesse H.","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02139"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-8988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02139"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090118162451200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL029979","article-title":"Ubiquity and Dominance of Oxygenated Species in Organic\nAerosols in Anthropogenically-Influenced Northern Hemisphere Midlatitudes","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. 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