{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:06:54Z","timestamp":1790820414162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S012044\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S012044\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000847","name":"Met Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DN424761 CR19-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN424761 CR19-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Road vehicles make important contributions to a wide range of pollutant emissions from the street level to global scales. The quantification of emissions from road vehicles is, however, highly challenging given the number of individual sources involved and the myriad factors that influence emissions such as fuel type, emission standard, and driving behavior. In this work, we use highly detailed and comprehensive vehicle emission remote sensing measurements made under real driving conditions to develop new bottom-up inventories that can be compared to official national inventory totals. We find that the total UK passenger car and light-duty van emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are underestimated by 24\u201332%, and up to 47% in urban areas, compared with the UK national inventory, despite agreement within 1.5% for total fuel used. Emissions of NOx at a country level are also shown to vary considerably depending on the mix of vehicle manufacturers in the fleet. Adopting the on-road mix of vehicle manufacturers for six European countries results in up to a 13.4% range in total emissions of NOx. Accounting for the manufacturer-specific fleets at a country level could have a significant impact on emission estimates of NOx and other pollutants across the European countries, which are not currently reflected in emission inventories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c08363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T16:57:00Z","timestamp":1616173020000},"page":"4452-4461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Verification\nof a National Emission Inventory and\nInfluence of On-road Vehicle Manufacturer-Level Emissions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-6615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jack","family":"Davison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York , , ,","place":["York, United Kingdom, YO10 5DD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ricardo Energy & Environment , , ,","place":["Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, OX11 0QR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5668-1648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Farren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York , , ,","place":["York, United Kingdom, YO10 5DD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York , , ,","place":["York, United Kingdom, YO10 5DD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim P.","family":"Murrells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ricardo Energy & Environment , , ,","place":["Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, OX11 0QR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-950X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David C.","family":"Carslaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York , , ,","place":["York, United Kingdom, YO10 5DD"]},{"name":"Ricardo Energy & Environment , , ,","place":["Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, OX11 0QR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081711192763200_cit1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency\n          . National Emission Ceilings Directive, 2016https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/themes\/air\/air-pollution-sources-1\/national-emission-ceilings."},{"key":"2026081711192763200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00717","article-title":"High-Mileage Light-Duty\nFleet Vehicle Emissions: Their Potentially Overlooked Importance","volume":"50","author":"Bishop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081711192763200_cit3","first-page":"624","article-title":"Influence of driver characteristics\non emissions and fuel consumption","volume-title":"Transportation\nResearch Procedia","author":"Zheng","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026081711192763200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.096","article-title":"Impact of cold temperature\non Euro 6 passenger car\nemissions","volume":"234","author":"Suarez-Bertoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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Emission factors\nfor transport; NAEI: U.K.2020https:\/\/naei.beis.gov.uk\/data\/ef-transport."},{"key":"2026081711192763200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00188","article-title":"Post-Dieselgate:\nEvidence of NOx Emission Reductions Using On-Road Remote Sensing","volume":"7","author":"Grange","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026081711192763200_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeaoa.2018.100002","article-title":"The diminishing importance of nitrogen\ndioxide emissions\nfrom road vehicle exhaust","volume":"1","author":"Carslaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. 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