{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:12:51Z","timestamp":1768295571476,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:37:11Z","timestamp":1668559031000},"page":"17227-17235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Composition and Origin of Surface Casing Fluids in a Major US Oil- and Gas-Producing Region"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-3485","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Greg","family":"Lackey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box\r10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15236-0940, United States"},{"name":"NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15236, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Pfander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1450 Queen Avenue SW, Albany, Oregon97321, United States"},{"name":"NETL Support Contractor, 1450 Queen Avenue SW, Albany, Oregon97321, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box\r10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15236-0940, United States"},{"name":"NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15236, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen A.","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harihar","family":"Rajaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21205, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Dilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box\r10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15236-0940, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burt","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1450 Queen Avenue SW, Albany, Oregon97321, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00044"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"EIA. U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Wells by\nProduction Rate. https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/petroleum\/wells\/#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20producing%20wells,rig%20activity%20(Figure%201) (accessed June 15, 2022)."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809013115"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408315111"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es405118y"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1283"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2919"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01123"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL089663"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17583004.2018.1443642"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2021.101223"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00863"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523267113"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146234"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100682108"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221635110"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121181109"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322107111"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720898115"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD021272"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es4053472"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-82"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04265"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605913113"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.082"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abf06f"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL067623"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013894118"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817929116"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2017.04.003"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06071"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","unstructured":"COGCC. Colorado Oil and Gas Information\nSystem. https:\/\/cogcc.state.co.us\/data.html. (accessed June 15, 2022)."},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","unstructured":"COGCC. COGCC Form 17 \u2013 Bradenhead\nTest Report. https:\/\/cogcc.state.co.us\/reg.html#\/forms\/form17_new. (accessed June 10, 2022)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"COGCC. Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation\nCommission Rules and Regulations. https:\/\/cogcc.state.co.us\/documents\/reg\/Rules\/LATEST\/CompleteRules(100-1200Series).pdf. (accessed June 15, 2022)."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","unstructured":"U.S. Energy\nInformation Administration. State Energy Profile Analysis. https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/state\/analysis.php?sid=CO."},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/072602870015"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonnenberg, S. A.In  New Reserves in an Old Field, the Niobrara Resource Play in the Wattenberg Field, Denver Basin, Colorado, SPE\/AAPG\/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2013.","DOI":"10.1190\/urtec2013-098"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016360"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es304119a"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","unstructured":"COGCC. COGCC Oil and Gas Well Analytical\nData Download. https:\/\/cogcc.state.co.us\/documents\/data\/downloads\/environmental\/ProdWellDownLoad.html. (accessed June 15, 2022)."},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","unstructured":"Allison, R. Water Quality and the Presence and Origin of Methane in the Upper Pierre Aquifer in Northeastern Weld County, Morgan County and Logan County, ColoradoColorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission: Denver, CO; 2017."},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","unstructured":"Blondes, M. S.; Gans, K. D.; Thordsen, J. J.; Reidy, M. E.; Thomas, B.; Engle, M. A.; Kharaka, Y. K.; Rowan, E. L. US Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database v2.3United States Geological Survey: Reston, VA; 2016."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(99)00092-3"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2018.09.002"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherwood, O. A.; Travers, P. D.; Dolan, M. P.In  Hydrocarbon Maturity and Migration Analysis Using Production Gas Stable Isotopic Signatures in the Wattenberg Field, Denver Basin, Colorado, USA, SPE\/AAPG\/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2013.","DOI":"10.1190\/urtec2013-204"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","unstructured":"Sibson, R.A Brief Description of Natural Neighbour Interpolation. In  Interpreting Multivariate Data; Barnett, V., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981; pp 21\u201336."},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2018.03.003"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Water Resources: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods","author":"Helsel D. R.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"US EPA. National Primary\nDrinking Water Regulations. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ground-water-and-drinking-water\/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations (accessed February 22, 2022)."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/195\/1\/012008"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/AD462321-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04228"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","unstructured":"Higley, D. K.; Cox, D. O. Oil and Gas Exploration and Development along the Front Range in the Denver Basin of Colorado, Nebraska, and WyomingUnited States Geological Survey: Reston, VA; 2007."},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es404675h"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018WR024066"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(88)90108-8"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c05239","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c05239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T11:50:47Z","timestamp":1700049047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c05239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.2c05239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c05239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]}}}