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However, sulfidation is a widespread biogeochemical process in nature, which inspired us to explore the biogenetic sulfidation of ZVI (BS-ZVI) with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). BS-ZVI could degrade 96.3% of trichloroethylene (TCE) to acetylene, ethene, ethane, and dichloroethene, comparable to S-ZVI (97.0%) with the same S\/Fe ratio (i.e., 0.1). However, S-ZVI (0.21 d\u20131) exhibited a faster degradation rate than BS-ZVI (0.17 d\u20131) based on pseudo-first-order kinetic fitting due to extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) excreted from SRB. Organic components of EPSs, including polysaccharides, humic acid-like substances, and proteins in BS-ZVI, were detected with 3D-EEM spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. The hemiacetal groups and redox-activated protein in EPS did not affect TCE degradation, while the acetylation degree of EPS increased with the concentration of ZVI and S\/Fe, thus inhibiting the TCE degradation. A low concentration of HA-like substances attached to BS-ZVI materials promoted electron transport. However, EPS formed a protective layer on the surface of BS-ZVI materials, reducing its TCE reaction rate. Overall, this study showed a comparable performance enhancement of ZVI toward TCE degradation through biogenetic sulfidation and provided a new alternative method for the sulfidation of ZVI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T12:55:06Z","timestamp":1675342506000},"page":"3323-3333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Performance Enhancement\nof Biogenetic Sulfidated Zero-Valent\nIron for Trichloroethylene Degradation: Role of Extracellular Polymeric\nSubstances"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohai University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210098"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohai University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210098"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChunMei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lianyungang Water Conservancy Bureau (Director of Engineering Technology Center) , 9 Lingzhou East Road , Haizhou District, ,","place":["Lianyungang, China, 22206"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4112-3715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingzhan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohai University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210098"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1518-6701","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohai University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210098"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2028-1295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baoshan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081411125500400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7290","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b01897","article-title":"Environmental remediation\nand application of nanoscale zero-valent iron and its composites for\nthe removal of heavy metal ions: A review","volume":"50","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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