{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T20:28:37Z","timestamp":1781209717160,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1752814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1752814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c06158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T20:38:23Z","timestamp":1701376703000},"page":"20689-20698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Improved Spatial Resolution in Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1462-3511","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katelyn A.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States"},{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-3427","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin","family":"Harkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-4014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qindan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Verreyken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-3718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca H.","family":"Schwantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6617-7691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-5096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian C.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Harley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803894"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803222115"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"Seinfeld, J. H.; Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, N.J, 2006; pp 44\u201345."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD013862"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD018304"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00586"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es990903w"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01117"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04763"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es505534e"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06172"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00621"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00943"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.07.004"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-13561-2016"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00778"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801191115"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba8272"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency. Ozone Trends, Washington D.C., May 4, 2016. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/air-trends\/ozone-trends (accessed June 05, 2023)."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04910"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6832"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","unstructured":"Port of\nLos Angeles. Facts and Figures. https:\/\/www.portoflosangeles.org\/business\/statistics\/facts-and-figures (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","unstructured":"Environmental\nProtection Agency. Clean Air\nPlans; 2015 8-h Ozone Nonattainment Area Requirements; Clean Fuels\nor Advanced Control Technology for Boilers; San Joaquin Valley and\nLos Angeles-South Coast Air Basin, California. 2023. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/d\/2023-01504 (accessed May\n31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.09.027"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-15-0242.1"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD00849"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026653118"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac0660"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD021219"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","unstructured":"Federal\nHighway Administration. 2018\nHPMS Public Release. https:\/\/www.fhwa.dot.gov\/policyinformation\/hpms\/shapefiles.cfm (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"California\nDepartment of Tax and Fee Administration. Motor Fuel 10 Year Report and Taxable Diesel Gallons 10 Year Report. https:\/\/www.cdtfa.ca.gov\/taxes-and-fees\/spftrpts.htm (accessed\nMay 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","unstructured":"Federal\nHighway Administration. Highway\nStatistics Reports 1990\u20132018 Table\nMF-21 https:\/\/www.fhwa.dot.gov\/policyinformation\/statistics.cfm (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","unstructured":"U.S. Census\nBureau. Special Release- Census\nBlocks with Population and Housing Counts. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/2010\/geo\/tiger-line-file.html (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","unstructured":"US Environmental\nProtection Agency. Emission\nStandards for 2004 and Later Model Year Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines\nand Vehicles, Code of Federal Regulations 2012. 40\nCFR \u00a7 86.004\u201311."},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2000.10464233"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"Energy\nInformation Administration. Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales. https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/petroleum\/fueloilkerosene\/ (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c07352"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency. Continuous\nEmission Monitoring Systems. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/emc\/emc-continuous-emission-monitoring-systems (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency. National\nEmissions Inventory (NEI) 2017, April 2020 Version. https:\/\/gispub.epa.gov\/neireport\/2017\/ (accessed May 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24380\/D0BN-KX16"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","unstructured":"Pierce, T. E.; Geron, C. D.; Kinnee, E.; Vukovich, J. Integration of the Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS3) into the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, 25th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology: Norfolk, VA, May 20\u201324, 2002."},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD01804"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024292"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(03)00381-9"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-2023-601"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-2023-3"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9908905"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000779"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-2691-2007"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/Jd092id12p14710"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","unstructured":"Lambert, J.C.; Keppens, A.; Compernolle, S.; Eichmann, K.U.; de Graaf, M.; Hubert, D.; Kleipool, Q.; Langerock, B.; Sha, M. K.; Verhoelst, T.; Wagner, T.; Ahn, C.; Argyrouli, A.; Balis, D.; Chan, K. L.; De Smedt, I.; Eskes, H.; Fj\u00e6raa, A. M.; Garane, K.; Gleason, J. F.; Goutaiil, F.; Granville, J.; Hedelt, P.; Heue, K.P.; Jaross, G.; Koukouli, M. L.; Landgraf, J.; Lutz, R.; Nanda, S.; Neimeijer, S.; Pazmi\u00f1o, A.; Pinardi, G.; Pommereau, J.P.; Richter, A.; Rozemeijer, N.; Sneep, M.; Stein\nZweers, D.; Theys, N.; Tilstra, G.; Torres, O.; Valks, P.; van Geffen, J.; Vigouroux, C.; Wang, P.; Weber, M. Quarterly Validation Report of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Operational Data Products #15, S5P MPC Routine Operations Consolidated Validation Report series, Issue #15, April 2018\u2013May 2022, 2021."},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JD035484"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","unstructured":"Eskes, H.; Geffen, J. van.; Boersma, F.; Eichmann, K.U.; Apituley, A.; Pedergnana, M.; Sneep, M.; Veefkind, J. P.; Loyola, D.; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Sentinel-5 Precursor\/TROPOMI Level 2 Product User Manual Nitrogendioxide. 2022."},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD013351"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-6113-2020"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","unstructured":"California Air Resources Board. EMFAC Emissions Database. https:\/\/arb.ca.gov\/emfac\/ (accessed\nMay 31, 2023)."},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7287.2006.00017.x"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","unstructured":"Redford\nConservancy at Pitzer College. Warehouse CITY. https:\/\/radicalresearch.shinyapps.io\/WarehouseCITY\/ (accessed June 15, 2023)."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T12:48:44Z","timestamp":1702385324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"49","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.3c06158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}}}