{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:25:00Z","timestamp":1791570300728,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T21-604\/19-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T21-604\/19-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003452","name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ITC-CNERC14EG03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITC-CNERC14EG03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c06982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T13:53:40Z","timestamp":1711634020000},"page":"6158-6169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Achieving Carbon Mitigation with Economic Benefits through High-Resolution Analysis of Renewable Resource Integration in Global Coastal Cities"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4673-1717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3896-0176","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yugo","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Daigger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"NOAA (National\nOceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Socioeconomic Data Summary 2017 https:\/\/coast.noaa.gov\/digitalcoast\/training\/socioeconomic-data-summary.html."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","volume-title":"World Urbanization Prospects","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","unstructured":"Kitchovitch, M. Population and its dependence on climate. https:\/\/geodiode.com\/climate\/population (accessed December 17, 2023)."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"EIA. Country electricity\nconsumption data. https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/international\/data\/world\/electricity\/electricity-consumption?pd=2&p=0000002&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=315532800000&e=1546300800000& (accessed December 17, 2023)."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110337"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113477"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.193"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","unstructured":"International Renewable Energy Agency. Renewable Energy in Cities 2016 www.irena.org (accessed\nDecember 14, 2023)."},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","volume-title":"Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","unstructured":"Government\nof Maharashtra. Energy &\nBuildings Energy & Buildings Emissions in Mumbai."},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","unstructured":"Government\nof Tamilnadu. TAMIL NADU SOLAR\nENERGY POLICY 2019. 2019."},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","unstructured":"NEECA. National Energy\nEfficiency and Conservation Act 2016. https:\/\/neeca.gov.pk\/Detail\/ZWM4M2MxMzUtNWE1YS00YTg4LTliMmMtYjg4M2IyNmE2NjJk."},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","unstructured":"Resources,\nM. of E. and W. Second Five\nYear Climate Action Plan. 2020."},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melius, J.; Margolis, R.; Ong, S.Estimating Rooftop Suitability for PV\u202f: A Review of Methods, Patents, and Validation Techniques NREL Technical Report 2013, p 35.","DOI":"10.2172\/1117057"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.07.001"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.05.033"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38079-3"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2012.01.014"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong Kong. HK\nEnergy End Use 2020. 2017 10.18356\/5d9e0035-en.","DOI":"10.18356\/5d9e0035-en"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felimban, A.; Prieto, A.; Knaack, U.; Klein, T.; Qaffas, Y. Residential Buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Buildings 2019; Vol. 9 163.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings9070163"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.250-253.2975"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2007.12.024"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2008.02.009"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7788(00)00095-5"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","unstructured":"Default Energy Intensity Factors for Water\nSupply Systems 2020 http:\/\/pacinst.org\/publication\/wesim\/."},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.05.100"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110198"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","unstructured":"Disinfection,\nC. C. D. SELCOPERM Electrochlorination\nSystem. 2021."},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-021-00139-w"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nieminen, T. Efficacy Requirements for Drinking Water Disinfectants - Survey and Proposal. 2020 10.6027\/NA2020-904.","DOI":"10.6027\/NA2020-904"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","unstructured":"Chlorine in Drinking-Water\nBackground Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water\nQuality. 2003."},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","unstructured":"Huber Technology. Energy-Efficient Mechanical Pre-treatment. https:\/\/www.huber.de\/solutions\/energy-efficiency\/wastewater-collection-and-treatment\/mechanical-pre-treatment.html. https:\/\/www.huber.de\/solutions\/energy-efficiency\/wastewater-collection-and-treatment\/mechanical-pre-treatment.html\n(accessed December 17, 2023)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"National\nWater Services Commission. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION DISINFECTION OF WATER-ELECTROCHLORINATION\nSYSTEMS. 2021."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.05.052"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","unstructured":"NESXTGIS. NextGIS\ndata. https:\/\/data.nextgis.com\/en\/?lvl=countries (accessed November 01, 2022)."},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","volume-title":"Copernicus Global Digital Elevation Model","author":"European Space Agency, S."},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05081"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","volume-title":"Prototype Building Models","author":"DOE"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","unstructured":"Climate.OneBuilding.Org. Climate data for building performance\nsimulation. https:\/\/climate.onebuilding.org\/ (accessed December 21, 2022)."},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","unstructured":"Energy, U. D. Energy\nPlus. https:\/\/energyplus.net\/ (accessed March 20, 2022)."},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","unstructured":"Booten, C.; Tabares-Velasco, P. C. Using Energy Plus to Simulate the Dynamic Response of a Residential Building to Advanced Cooling Strategies Preprint 2012 http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/bridge (accessed November 20, 2022)."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000002"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2009.01.006"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.06.114"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w13162228"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.10.055"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","unstructured":"The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (\u201cNREL\u201d). PVWatts Calculator. https:\/\/pvwatts.nrel.gov\/pvwatts.php."},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobos, A. P.; Dobos, A. P. PVWatts Version 5 Manual PVWatts Version 5 Manual. 2014.","DOI":"10.2172\/1158421"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","unstructured":"Ribeiro, N. Legislative Council Panel on Environmental Affairs Collection of Charges for District Cooling System at the Kai Tak Development. 2014; Vol. 14 July."},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","unstructured":"Yung, R.; Secretariat, L. C.; Complex, L. C.; Yung, D. Legislative Council Panel on Development PWP Item No. 45CG \u2500 District Cooling System at the Kai Tak Development. 2018; Vol. 18 1."},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","unstructured":"Chai, W.; Kong, H. CHAPTER 5 Development Bureau Water Supplies Department Management of Flushing Water Supply Audit Commission Hong Kong 30 November 2021. https:\/\/www.aud.gov.hk (accessed March 19, 2022)."},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","unstructured":"Affairs,\nL. C. P. on E. Collection\nof Charges for District Cooling System at the Kai Tak Development. 2014; Vol. 8 33, p 44."},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramasamy, V.; Feldman, D.; Desai, J.; Margolis, R. U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks: Q1 2021 2021 www.nrel.gov\/publications (accessed February 20, 2022).","DOI":"10.2172\/1829460"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","unstructured":"Global Economy T. Labor cost\nby country. https:\/\/www.theglobaleconomy.com\/rankings\/labor_cost\/ (accessed March 03, 2022)."},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610172104"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","unstructured":"World Data. Inflation\nrates in Argentina. https:\/\/www.worlddata.info\/america\/argentina\/inflation-rates.php#:~:text=The%20inflation%20rate%20for%20consumer,rate%20was%20206.2%25%20per%20yearhttps:\/\/www.worlddata.info\/america\/argentina\/inflation-rates.php#:~:text=The%20inflation%20rate%20for%20consumer,rate%20was%20206.2%25%20per%20year (accessed February 02, 2022)."},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","unstructured":"Lewandowski, A. Issues in Model Validation 1982; Vol. 3 I."},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","unstructured":"Carbon Credits. Live\ncarbon prices. https:\/\/carboncredits.com\/carbon-prices-today\/ (accessed December 19, 2022)."},{"key":"ref61\/undefined","unstructured":"Jardim-Gon\u00e7alves, R. 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE\/ITMC 2017), IEEE International Technology Management Conference, \u201cEngineering, Technology & Innovation Management beyond 2020: New Challenges, New Approaches\u201d; Universidade Nova de Lisboa: Madeira, Islands, 2017."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06982","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06982","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T09:00:51Z","timestamp":1712653251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.3c06982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c06982","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]}}}