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The typical degradation route on titanium-based catalysts, \u201ctoluene\u2013benzaldehyde\u2013carbon dioxide\u201d, necessitates the oxidation of the methyl group as a prerequisite for photocatalytic toluene oxidation. However, the inherent planar adsorption configuration of toluene molecules, dominated by the benzene rings, leads to significant steric hindrance for the methyl group. This steric hindrance prevents the methyl group from contacting the active species on the catalyst surface, thereby limiting the removal of toluene under indoor conditions. To date, no effective strategy to control the steric hindrance of the methyl group has been identified. Herein, we showed a B\u2013Ti\u2013O interface that exhibits significantly enhanced toluene removal efficiency under indoor conditions. In-depth investigations revealed that, compared to typical Ti-based photocatalysts, the steric hindrance between the methyl group and the catalyst surface decreased from 3.42 to 3.03 \u00c5 on the designed interface. This reduction originates from the matching of orbital energy levels between Ti 3dz2 and C 2pz of the benzene ring. The decreased steric hindrance improved the efficiency of toluene being attacked by surface active species, allowing for rapid conversion into benzaldehyde and benzoic acid species for subsequent reactions. Our work provides novel insights into the steric hindrance effect in the elimination of aromatic volatile organic compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:51:11Z","timestamp":1724759471000},"page":"16215-16224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Accelerating\nToluene Oxidation over Boron\u2013Titanium\u2013Oxygen\nInterface: Steric Hindrance of the Methyl Group Induced by the Plane-Adsorption\nConfiguration"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200444"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200444"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6272-0543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christoph G.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , , ,","place":["Mu\u0308nchen, Germany, 80539"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200444"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201204"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200444"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200444"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-4817","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , ,","place":["Changsha, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-4165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Corte\u0301s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen , , ,","place":["Mu\u0308nchen, Germany, 80539"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4280-0068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dengsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200444"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6469","key":"2026081707140417300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.366.6469.1084","article-title":"Indoor chemical\npollution impacts often remain invisible","volume":"366","author":"Ham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026081707140417300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016161117","article-title":"How human\nbiology and behavior affect indoor air quality","volume":"117","author":"Notman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. 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Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081707140417300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1021\/ja312205c","article-title":"Understanding the high\nphotocatalytic activity of (B, Ag)-codoped TiO2 under solar-light\nirradiation with XPS, Solid-state NMR, and DFT calculations","volume":"135","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081707140417300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10342","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02680","article-title":"Boosting toluene\ncombustion\nby engineering Co\u2013O strength in cobalt oxide catalysts","volume":"54","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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C"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026081707140417300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202207600","article-title":"Modulating Ti t2g orbital occupancy in a\nCu\/TiO2 composite for selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction\nto CO","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081707140417300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8634","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c01336","article-title":"Defects tune the strong metal\u2013support\ninteractions in copper supported on defected titanium dioxide catalysts\nfor CO2 reduction","volume":"145","author":"Belgamwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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