{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T19:17:42Z","timestamp":1784575062561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BP International Limited"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c10183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T07:31:22Z","timestamp":1740987082000},"page":"4618-4630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Direct Characterization of Free Solutal Convection in Porous Rocks for CO<sub>2<\/sub> Storage Applications"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6575-575X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Eckel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering","place":["London, U.K."]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9485-5434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Rovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering","place":["London, U.K."]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9443-3573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronny","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering","place":["London, U.K."]},{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["London, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2009.10.003"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2239-6","volume-title":"Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface: Processes and design principles for in situ remediation","volume":"4","author":"Kitanidis P. K.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnucmat.2019.151765"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es402718j"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06748-1"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.01.014"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175677"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00376-8"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115347109"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-003-0762-9"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je5009125"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-8904(92)90072-5"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, J. E. Density of aqueous solutions of CO2; Technical Report, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2001.","DOI":"10.2172\/790022"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/84344-PA"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(96)00274-9"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112067000576"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2012.0355"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2015.04.003"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2014.07.024"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07852"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1959.0141"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112001006504"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-009-9482-2"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.106.104501"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","volume-title":"2012, Paper presented at the SPE Europec\/EAGE Annual Conference","author":"Soroush M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","volume-title":"Paper presented at the SPE Europec\/EAGE Annual Conference","author":"Taheri A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2013.06.450"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4790511"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.11.017"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6743"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50473"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.87.011003"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ghg.2055"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2020.103082"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.12.034016"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2014.11.566"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c03350"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-018-1158-3"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0006679"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2024.104666"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2016.09.015"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.03.004"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c00525"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020WR028132"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125941"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2011.02.487"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00986445.2013.878877"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2014.07.016"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie050497r"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.08.019"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie801521u"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2016.01.047"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112090000143"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.224503"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2014.216"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2021.103992"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2010.01.009"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2014.647"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fluids3030058"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01540"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2020.1178"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","first-page":"554","volume":"54","author":"Shafer J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Petrophysics"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31223\/osf.io\/62uta"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-009-9426-x"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/21101-PA"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006536021302"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(94)E0040-W"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005RG000178"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/647-PA"},{"key":"ref70\/cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.857602"},{"key":"ref71\/cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/94-09-04"},{"key":"ref72\/cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/16\/3\/007"},{"key":"ref73\/cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2012.06.012"},{"key":"ref74\/cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.3c00175"},{"key":"ref75\/cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevFluids.9.043802"},{"key":"ref76\/cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2015.01.018"},{"key":"ref77\/cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.8b03227"},{"key":"ref78\/cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00874337"},{"key":"ref79\/cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40645-020-00344-0"},{"key":"ref80\/cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01317a009"},{"key":"ref81\/cit81","first-page":"125","volume":"40","author":"Lengyel S.","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung."},{"key":"ref82\/cit82","volume-title":"NIST Standard Reference Database 8 (XGAM)","author":"Berger M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref83\/cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j100890a034"},{"key":"ref84\/cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.027"},{"key":"ref85\/cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014WR015778"},{"key":"ref86\/cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119514"},{"key":"ref87\/cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016WR019849"},{"key":"ref88\/cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2021.1067"},{"key":"ref89\/cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2011.04.005"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c10183","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c10183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T08:13:37Z","timestamp":1741680817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c10183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.4c10183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c10183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}}}