{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:24:01Z","timestamp":1788387841008,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011196","name":"Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001082","name":"Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TH-20-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TH-20-021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000146","name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1651536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1651536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c12026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T15:02:37Z","timestamp":1744297357000},"page":"7646-7655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Toilet Bowl Cleaning Tablets as Sources of Chlorine, Bromine, and Disinfection Byproducts in Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Vincent T.","family":"DiPietri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science & Studies Program","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolani S.","family":"Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science & Studies Program","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis N.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7812-9264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shannon E.","family":"Stitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-7747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John D.","family":"Sivey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science & Studies Program","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry","place":["Towson, United States"]},{"name":"Towson University","place":["Towson, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"Clorox Automatic\nToilet Bowl Cleaner Tablet \u2013 3.5 Ounce, 6\nPack. Amazon, https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B07GCDKPJJ\/ref=pe_386300_440135490_TE_item?th=1 (accessed Dec 19, 2024)."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Handbook for Cleaning\/Decontamination of Surfaces","volume":"1","author":"Johansson I.","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.07.025"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.08.030"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420018165","volume-title":"Handbook of Detergents, Part E: Applications","author":"Zoller U.","year":"2008","edition":"1"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","first-page":"363","volume":"9","author":"Brycki B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AY01443H"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11050410"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EW00062J"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c03267"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02039"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07352"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03796"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2020.05.019"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","unstructured":"Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: High-Efficiency\nToilets; EPA\/EPA832-F-00-047; Environmental\nProtection Agency, Office of Water: Washington, D.C., 2000. https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/npdes\/pubs\/hi-eff_toilet.pdf (accessed 2024\u201306\u201315)."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","unstructured":"Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin; ChemSpider,\nRoyal Society of Chemistry, 2024. https:\/\/www.chemspider.com\/(accessed 2024\u201307\u201329). (ChemSpider ID: 29069)."},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","unstructured":"1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhyantoin; ChemSpider,\nRoyal Society of Chemistry. https:\/\/www.chemspider.com\/(accessed 2024\u201307\u201329). (ChemSpider ID: 8057)."},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","unstructured":"1,3-Dichloro-5-ethyl-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; ChemSpider, Royal Society of Chemistry. https:\/\/www.chemspider.com\/(accessed 2024\u201307\u201329). (ChemSpider ID: 56095)."},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","unstructured":"Symclosene (trichloroisocyanuric acid); ChemSpider, Royal Society of Chemistry. https:\/\/www.chemspider.com\/(accessed 2024\u201307\u201329). (ChemSpider ID: 6643)."},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","unstructured":"EPA. Secondary Drinking Water Standards:\nGuidance for\nNuisance Chemicals. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sdwa\/secondary-drinking-water-standards-guidance-nuisance-chemicals#table (accessed 12 15, 2024)."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","unstructured":"World Health Organization.  Guidelines for drinking-water Quality: Fourth\nEd. Incorporating the First and Second Addenda; World Health Organization: Geneva, 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240045064 (accessed 2024\u201312\u201315)."},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","unstructured":"Elevated Ph Values\nin Groundwater; SKB\/SKB-R-16-04; Swedish Nuclear\nFuel and Waste Management Company; Solna: Sweden, 2017, https:\/\/www.skb.com\/publication\/2485482\/R-16-04.pdf (accessed 2024\u201312\u201319)."},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c05958"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","unstructured":"Water Resources and Civil Infrastructure, Stanford\nUniversity. Section\nWater Quality Data. 2023 Annual Water Quality Report, June 2024, 2023 https:\/\/suwater.stanford.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/sbiybj19876\/files\/media\/file\/2023-ccr-final.pdf (accessed 2025\u201304\u20133)."},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artificial Seawater\nRecipe; Cold Spring\nHarbor Protocol, 2012.","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.rec068270"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.05.057"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.04.037"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","unstructured":"McCoy, W. F.; Blatchley, I. I. I. E. R.; Johnson, R. W. Hypoha1lous Acid and Haloamine Flashoff in Industrial Evaporative Cooling Systems; CTI\/TP90-09; Cooling Technology Institute: Houston, TX, 1990. https:\/\/envirotech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Henrys-Law-Analysis-of-HOBr-HOCl.pdf (accessed 2024\u201307\u201330)."},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic970155g"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04563"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic00263a030"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1989.0199"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es991304s"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","first-page":"6","volume":"4","author":"Hua G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fl. Water Res. J."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","volume-title":"Environmental Organic Chemistry","author":"Schwarzenbach R. P.","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.04.021"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.08.033"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es901611m"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00852"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05921.x"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects","volume":"4","author":"Gould J. P.","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EW00491E"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2003.12.014"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00259"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","unstructured":"Use of Chlorine Tablets for Wastewater Disinfection;\n3800-FS-DEP4406; Pennsylvania Department\nof Environmental Protection, 2017. https:\/\/files.dep.state.pa.us\/Water\/FactSheets\/Operations\/3800-FS-DEP4406.pdf (accessed 2024\u20131-9)."},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","unstructured":"Wastewater Technology Fact\nSheet: Disinfection for Small Systems;\nEPA\/EPA832-F-03-024; Environmental Protection\nAgency, Office of Water, Washington,\nD. C., 2003. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2015-06\/documents\/disinfection_small.pdf (accessed 2024\u201312\u201315)."},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470561331"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118131473"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.10.005"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","unstructured":"Public Health\nSanitation and\nSafety Program.  Free Chlorine Residual\nGuidance Document; New Jersey Department\nof Health and Senior Services, 2011. https:\/\/envirotech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Henrys-Law-Analysis-of-HOBr-HOCl.pdf (accessed 2024\u201307\u201330)."},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109916"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8905"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120453"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EW00290A"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.08.026"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.04.007"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","first-page":"25","volume":"3","author":"Bernhard A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Educ. Knowl."},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","unstructured":"Wastewater Technology Fact\nSheet Denitrifying Filters; EPA\/EPA832-F-07-014; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water: Washington, D. C., 2019. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-08\/documents\/denitrifying_filters_fact_sheet_p100il79.pdf (accessed 2024\u201306\u201318)."},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00411048"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1892"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","unstructured":"Hairston, J. E.; Brantley, E. Water Corrosivity and Your Plumbing System. ACES\/ANR-1230; The Alabama Cooperative Extension System, 2018. https:\/\/www.aces.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ANR-1230_WaterCorrosivityandYourPlumbingSystem_102218L-G.pdf (accessed 2024\u201306\u201310)."},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2018.05.023"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.03.013"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2003.0073"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2014.858576"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","volume-title":"Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","author":"Kumari M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2015.127"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.09.001"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.114976"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c12026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c12026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T08:10:43Z","timestamp":1745309443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c12026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.4c12026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c12026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]}}}