{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:06:53Z","timestamp":1788829613637,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c13270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:54:21Z","timestamp":1752742461000},"page":"15057-15069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emission-Responsive Charging of Electric Cars and Carsharing to Improve the Security of Electricity Supply for Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Elliot","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Energy Systems Group","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Geneva","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Urban Energy Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","place":["D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Empa","place":["D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binod","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Energy Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","place":["D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Empa","place":["D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"R\u00fcdis\u00fcli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Verband Schweizerischer Elektrizit\u00e4tsunternehmen","place":["Aarau, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-2328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sven","family":"Eggimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crsus.2024.100241"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121869"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2020.03.014"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.102861"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01944363.2016.1249508"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"Loose, W. The State of European Car-Sharing: Final Report; Bundesverband CarSharing, 2010 p129."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","unstructured":"Gross, R.; Heptonstall, P.; Anable, J.; Greenacre, P. What Policies Are Effective at Reducing Carbon Emissions from Surface Passenger Transport? A Review of Interventions to Encourage Behavioural and Technological Change; UKERC, 2009 p192."},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33666-2"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2019.09.027"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2022.112794"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2023.103218"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.01.019"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-014-0788-0"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab8ca5"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2024.104313"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/4\/044007"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00862-3"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.04.040"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","unstructured":"Jenn, A.; Brown, A. Green Charging of Electric Vehicles Under a Net-Zero Emissions Policy Transition in California, University of California, Davis, 2021."},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2015.05.007"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/acf363"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121637"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2018.10.029"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab9a69"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5547\/01956574.35.4.6"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103499"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","unstructured":"Kenngr\u00f6ssen Zur Entwicklung Der Treibhausgasemissionen\nin\nDer Schweiz 1990\u20132021; Bundesamt f\u00fcr\nUmwelt, 2023 p72."},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","unstructured":"IEAHEV. Switzerland\nEV Adoption by Year. https:\/\/ieahev.org\/countries\/Switzerland\/. (accessed December 22, 2023)."},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","unstructured":"GoGreen. Entwicklung\nder Marktanteile alternative Antriebe. https:\/\/archive.is\/rbCp5. (accessed\nMay 25, 2025)."},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","unstructured":"Energy Strategy 2050 Monitoring\nReport; Swiss Federal Office of Energy: Ittigen,\nSwitzerland; 2023."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","unstructured":"Mobilit\u00e4tsverhalten\nDer Bev\u00f6lkerung. Ergebnisse Des\nMikrozensus Mobilit\u00e4t Verkehr 2021, Bundesamt f\u00fcr Statistik, 2023."},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2017.01.004"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","unstructured":"Mobility. Mobility\nCarsharing. https:\/\/www.mobility.ch\/. (accessed April 17, 2024)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2024.104061"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.93827"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parajeles Herrera, M.; Schwarz, M.; Hug, G. Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Large-Scale BEV Fleets\u2019 Charging Energy Needs and Flexibility; International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST); IEEE, 2024; pp 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/SEST61601.2024.10694497"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","unstructured":"Horocarbon. Mon Electricit\u00e9\nEst-elle Vraiment Verte\u202f? https:\/\/horocarbon.ch. (accessed\nJuly 11, 2024)."},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","unstructured":"Romano, E.; Hollmuller, P.; Patel, M. \u00c9missions Horaires de Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre Li\u00e9es \u00e0 La Consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u2013 Une Approche Incr\u00e9mentale Pour Une \u00c9conomie Ouverte : Le Cas de La Suisse; Gen\u00e8ve, 2018 p25."},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"EEX Group. epexspot. https:\/\/www.epexspot.com\/en. (accessed July 10, 2025)."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.7b00432"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3438993"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Passenger Transport Performance. https:\/\/archive.is\/wip\/PrNhi. (accessed May 30, 2024)."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","unstructured":"Sakkas, A. Simulation and Analysis of the Performance of a Traffic Network in Zurich; ETH Zurich, 2022."},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.03.015"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vehicles3040043"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","unstructured":"Energieperspektiven 2050+: Technischer Bericht\nGesamtdokumentation\nDer Arbeiten; BFE: Bern; 2021."},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","unstructured":"Doquet, M.; Gonzalez, R.; Lepy, S.; Momot, E.; Verrier, F. A New Tool for Adequacy Reporting of Electric Systems\u202f: ANTARES; CIGRE: Paris; 2008."},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","unstructured":"ENTSO-E. TYNDP 2020\n- Scenario Report, 2020. https:\/\/2020.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu\/download-data\/. (accessed April 17, 2024)."},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"VSE. Energiezukunft2050:\nEnergieversorgung Der Schweiz Bis 2050, 2022. https:\/\/www.strom.ch\/de\/energiezukunft-2050\/startseite. (accessed\nApril 17, 2024)."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00731-5"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2022.113409"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102293"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/6\/064010"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crsus.2024.100241"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.114214"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2012.01.021"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.08.020"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537329808524310"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537329808524310"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2024.09.010"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.11.011"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.06.011"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.01.024"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2021.08.001"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2024.107349"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40518-022-00204-z"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/acdd85"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c13270","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c13270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T08:13:47Z","timestamp":1753776827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c13270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.4c13270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c13270","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]}}}