{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:52:57Z","timestamp":1787910777058,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001589","name":"Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD-83428001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD-83428001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011661","name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T13:54:49Z","timestamp":1442238889000},"page":"11569-11576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Emission Projections for Long-Haul Freight Trucks and Rail in the United States through 2050"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taesung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bumsoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Daenzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tami C.","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics.http:\/\/www.rita.dot.gov\/bts\/sites\/rita.dot.gov.bts\/files\/publications\/national_transportation_statistics\/index.html(accessedMay 2014)."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Transportation\u2014Invest in Our Future: America\u2019s Freight Challenge 2007.http:\/\/www.tficillinois.org\/app\/download\/7053443604\/AASHTO-4-Invest+In+Our+Future-May07.pdf(accessedApril 2014)."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17407330"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency:Washington, D.C. , 2010."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2375-05"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08823"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2009.07.065"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.07.010"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.02.013"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0148-z"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2006.05.023"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.004"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2009.00428.x"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","unstructured":"Fulton, L.; Eads, G.IEA\/SMP Model Documentation and Reference Case Projection.http:\/\/www.wbcsd.org\/web\/publications\/mobility\/smp-model-document.pdf(accessedOctober 2013)."},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","unstructured":"Federal Highway Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation.Freight Analysis Framework. http:\/\/www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov\/freight\/freight_analysis\/faf\/index.htm(accessedJuly 2011)."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2012.07.021"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","volume-title":"Forecasting Statewide Freight Toolkit","volume":"606","author":"Cohen H.","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.06.018"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2013.831799"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-75857-2","volume-title":"Transportation Systems Analysis: Models and Applications","volume":"29","author":"Cascetta E.","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration.Panama Canal Expansion Study: Phase I Report: Developments in Trade and National and Global Economies;Boston, November 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22\/cit22","first-page":"53","volume":"8","author":"Fratar T. J.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Traffic Q."},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","volume-title":"Complex Spatial Systems: The Modelling Foundations of Urban and Regional Analysis","author":"Wilson A. G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","first-page":"325","volume-title":"ICE Proceedings: Engineering Divisions","volume":"1","author":"Wardrop J. G.","year":"1952"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","volume-title":"Urban Transportation Networks: Equilibrium Analysis with Mathematical Programming Methods","author":"Sheffi Y.","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2012.01.003"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800030109"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","unstructured":"Association of American Railroads. Railroad Facts, Washington, DC, 2011."},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krueger, H.Parametric modeling in rail capacity planning. InSimulation Conference Proceedings, 1999 Winter, Vol.2;Phoenix, AZ,December 5\u20138;Winter Simulation Conference, 1999; pp1194\u20131200.","DOI":"10.1145\/324898.325036"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2448-05"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","volume-title":"Transportation Energy Data Book,","author":"Davis S. C.","year":"2012","edition":"31"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Transportation. Highway Statistics Series.https:\/\/www.fhwa.dot.gov\/policyinformation\/statistics.cfm(accessedSeptember 2013)."},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Transportation. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles; Final Rule;http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/FR-2011-09-15\/pdf\/2011-20740.pdf(accessedMarch 2014)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Commerce; Bureau of the Census. Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey, 2002 Economic Census,https:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/ec02\/ec02tv-us.pdf(accessedSeptember 2013)."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","volume-title":"Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles","author":"National Research Council","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","volume-title":"Class-8 Heavy Truck Duty Cycle Project Final Report, ORNL\/TM-2008\/122","author":"Capps G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyas, A. D.; Patel, D. M.; Bertram, K. M.Potential for Energy Efficiency Improvement Beyond the Light-Duty-Vehicle Sector;U.S. Department of Energy:Argonne, IL, 2013.","DOI":"10.2172\/1069178"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","unstructured":"ICF International. Comparative evaluation of rail and truck fuel efficiency on competitive corridors;U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration:Fairfax, VA, 2009."},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"Tolliver, D.Analysis of Railroad Energy Efficiency in the United States. MPC Report no. 13\u2013250.Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute:Fargo, ND , 2013."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2117-05"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","unstructured":"Dieselnet. http:\/\/www.dieselnet.com\/standards\/."},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-5709-2014"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00009a020"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es8021039"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es301936c"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003697"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors for Locomotives; Report EPA-420-F-09\u2013025,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency:Washington, D.C., 2009."},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","unstructured":"Bergin, M.; Harrell, M.; Janssen, M.Locomotive emission inventories for the United States from ERTAC Rail.http:\/\/www.georgiaair.org\/airpermit\/downloads\/planningsupport\/regdev\/locomotives\/inventory_ertacrail_2012.pdf(accessedMarch 2015)."},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008) National Emissions Inventory.http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ttn\/chief\/net\/2008inventory.html(accessed Jun 6, 2015) ."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","volume-title":"Special Report On Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group Iii of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change","author":"Nakicenovic N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177692459"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1664-06"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","unstructured":"Bigazzi, A.; Figliozzi, M.An Analysis of the Relative Efficiency of Freeway Congestion Mitigation as an Emissions Reduction Strategy. In90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board; Washington, D.C., January 23\u201327;Transportation Research Board:Washington, D.C., 2011."},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.01.045"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b01187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T16:36:55Z","timestamp":1748623015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b01187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5b01187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b01187","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]}}}