{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:26:20Z","timestamp":1786803980606,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442793600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442793600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442793600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2011-0015548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2011-0015548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2011-0021063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2011-0021063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ship-borne measurements of ambient aerosols were conducted during an 11\u202f937 km cruise over the Arctic Ocean (cruise 1) and the Pacific Ocean (cruise 2). A frequent nucleation event was observed during cruise 1 under marine influence, and the abundant organic matter resulting from the strong biological activity in the ocean could contribute to the formation of new particles and their growth to a detectable size. Concentrations of particle mass and black carbon increased with increasing continental influence from polluted areas. During cruise 1, multiple peaks of hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) of 1.1\u20131.2, 1.4, and 1.6 were found, and higher amounts of volatile organic species existed in the particles compared to that during cruise 2, which is consistent with the greater availability of volatile organic species caused by the strong oceanic biological activity (cruise 1). Internal mixtures of volatile and nonhygroscopic organic species, nonvolatile and less-hygroscopic organic species, and nonvolatile and hygroscopic nss-sulfate with varying fractions can be assumed to constitute the submicrometer particles. On the basis of elemental composition and morphology, the submicrometer particles were classified into C-rich mixture, S-rich mixture, C\/S-rich mixture, Na-rich mixture, C\/P-rich mixture, and mineral-rich mixture. Consistently, the fraction of biological particles (i.e., P-containing particles) increased when the ship traveled along a strongly biologically active area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T17:23:06Z","timestamp":1442856186000},"page":"12024-12035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison\nof Hygroscopicity, Volatility, and Mixing\nState of Submicrometer Particles between Cruises over the Arctic Ocean\nand the Pacific Ocean"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Gibaek","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-joo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arom","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dohyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeontae","family":"Gim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro , Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro , Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro , Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kihong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081501110173900_cit1","unstructured":"Houghton\n              J. T.\n            ; DingY.; GriggsD. J.; NoguerM.; van der LindenP. J.; XiaosuD.\n          Climate Change\n2001: The Scientific Basis Contribution of Working Group\nI to the Third Assessment Report of\nthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Cambridge University Press: 2001"},{"key":"2026081501110173900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6321(06)80033-7","article-title":"Climatic\neffects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels","volume":"16","author":"Andreae","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Survey of Climatology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026081501110173900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2008.03.001","article-title":"Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.\nPart 1. The\nnature and sources of cloud-active aerosols","volume":"89","author":"Andreae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081501110173900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-6555-2012","article-title":"Global distribution and climate forcing\nof marine organic aerosol-Part 2: Effects on cloud properties and\nradiative forcing","volume":"12","author":"Gantt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"7071","key":"2026081501110173900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04348","article-title":"Global estimate\nof aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements","volume":"438","author":"Bellouin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081501110173900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7550","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300262110","article-title":"Bringing the ocean into the laboratory\nto probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol","volume":"110","author":"Prather","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081501110173900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D02206","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD010713","article-title":"Iodine dioxide nucleation\nsimulations in coastal and\nremote marine environments","volume":"114","author":"Vuollekoski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026081501110173900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005137","article-title":"Advances in\ncharacterization of size-resolved\norganic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic","volume":"109","author":"Cavalli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"5808","key":"2026081501110173900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136529","article-title":"Aerosols\nbefore pollution","volume":"315","author":"Andreae","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7009","key":"2026081501110173900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02959","article-title":"Biogenically\ndriven organic contribution to marine aerosol","volume":"431","author":"O\u2019Dowd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081501110173900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2005.00144.x","article-title":"Importance of submicron surface-active organic aerosols for pristine\nArctic clouds","volume":"57","author":"Lohmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tellus, Ser. B"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081501110173900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1021\/es035005l","article-title":"Potential contamination\nof shipboard\nair samples by diffusive emissions of PCBs and other organic pollutants:\nImplications and solutions","volume":"38","author":"Lohmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20\u201322","key":"2026081501110173900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2006.05.044","article-title":"Characterization\nof the aerosol over the sub-arctic\nnorth east Pacific Ocean","volume":"53","author":"Phinney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res., Part\nII"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081501110173900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8593","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-8593-2011","article-title":"Quantification of the carbonaceous\nmatter origin in\nsubmicron marine aerosol by 13C and 14C isotope analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ceburnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081501110173900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-557-2012","article-title":"Organic matter\nand non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: Oceanic\nand combustion sources","volume":"12","author":"Shank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081501110173900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12977","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD021913","article-title":"Sources and composition of submicron organic mass in\nmarine aerosol particles","volume":"119","author":"Frossard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. D:\nAtmos."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081501110173900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015295","article-title":"Can chemical effects on cloud droplet number rival\nthe first indirect effect?","volume":"29","author":"Nenes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081501110173900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015650","article-title":"A rapidly\ndeclining perennial sea ice cover in the Arctic","volume":"29","author":"Comiso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081501110173900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-011-9386-6","article-title":"Seasonal and Annual Fluxes of Nutrients\nand Organic Matter from Large Rivers to the Arctic Ocean and Surrounding\nSeas","volume":"35","author":"Holmes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026081501110173900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035736","article-title":"Sea ice-derived\ndissolved iron and its potential influence on the spring algal bloom\nin the Bering Sea","volume":"35","author":"Aguilar-Islas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081501110173900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007133","article-title":"Dissolved iron\nin the Arctic shelf\nseas and surface waters of the central Arctic Ocean: Impact of Arctic\nriver water and ice-melt","volume":"117","author":"Klunder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2026081501110173900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70627-1_16","article-title":"Mass-transport\nconsiderations pertinent to aqueous phase reactions of gases in liquid-water\nclouds","author":"Schwartz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric\nSystems"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081501110173900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9299","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-9299-2009","article-title":"Composition and properties of atmospheric\nparticles in the eastern Atlantic and impacts on gas phase uptake\nrates","volume":"9","author":"Allan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081501110173900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0889.1996.t01-2-00002.x","article-title":"The effect\nof hygroscopicity on cloud droplet formation","volume":"48","author":"Kulmala","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tellus, Ser. B"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026081501110173900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)01017-8","article-title":"On-line measurements\nof diesel nanoparticle composition and volatility","volume":"37","author":"Sakurai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081501110173900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1021\/es404622n","article-title":"Mixing state\nof size-selected submicrometer particles in the arctic in May and\nSeptember 2012","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081501110173900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118001684.ch31","article-title":"Atmospheric\nNew Particle Formation: Physical and Chemical Measurements","author":"McMurry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications:\nThird Edition"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081501110173900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD005901","article-title":"A criterion for new\nparticle formation\nin the sulfur-rich Atlanta atmosphere","volume":"110","author":"McMurry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys.\nRes."},{"issue":"1775","key":"2026081501110173900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2000.0673","article-title":"Size\ndistributions of 3\u201310 nm atmospheric particles: Implications\nfor nucleation mechanisms","volume":"358","author":"McMurry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R.\nSoc., A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081501110173900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.2478\/ijnaoe-2013-0213","article-title":"Field measurement\nof local ice pressures on the ARAON in the Beaufort Sea","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081501110173900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(86)90031-5","article-title":"Application of the\ntandem differential mobility analyzer\nto studies of droplet growth or evaporation","volume":"17","author":"Rader","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081501110173900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6710","DOI":"10.1021\/es900398q","article-title":"Measurements of\nhygroscopicity and\nvolatility of atmospheric ultrafine particles during ultrafine particle\nformation events at urban, industrial, and coastal sites","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081501110173900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005657","article-title":"Hygroscopic behavior\nof partially volatilized coastal marine aerosols using the volatilization\nand humidification tandem differential mobility analyzer technique","volume":"110","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081501110173900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820802255668","article-title":"Design and\nvalidation of a volatility hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility\nAnalyzer (VH-TDMA) to characterize the relationships between the thermal\nand hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosol particles","volume":"42","author":"Villani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026081501110173900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.05.054","article-title":"Measurements\nof hygroscopicity and\nvolatility of atmospheric ultrafine particles in the rural Pearl River\nDelta area of China","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081501110173900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2013.789822","article-title":"Mixing state of size-selected\nsubmicrometer particles during photochemical and combustion events\nmeasured with the tandem system","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026081501110173900_cit37","unstructured":"Hermann\n              M.\n            \n          , Development\nand\nApplication of An Aerosol Measurement System for Use on Commercial\nAircraft. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Leipzig, Germany, 2000, 1\u2013144."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081501110173900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001417","article-title":"Observations of new particle formation in urban air","volume":"108","author":"Alam","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081501110173900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD007044","article-title":"Seasonal characteristics of\nthe physicochemical properties of North Atlantic marine atmospheric\naerosols","volume":"112","author":"Yoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081501110173900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(96)00106-9","article-title":"Marine aerosol,\nsea-salt, and the marine sulphur cycle: A short review","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Dowd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081501110173900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-3189-2010","article-title":"Consistency\nbetween parameterisations of aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN activity\nduring the RHaMBLe discovery cruise","volume":"10","author":"Good","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"D3","key":"2026081501110173900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6919","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03068","article-title":"Physical\nproperties\nof marine boundary layer aerosol particles of the mid-Pacific in relation\nto sources and meteorological transport","volume":"101","author":"Covert","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\nGeophys. Res."},{"issue":"D4","key":"2026081501110173900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1029\/JD095iD04p03659","article-title":"Aerosol\nsize distributions and optical properties found in the marine boundary\nlayer over the Atlantic Ocean","volume":"95","author":"Hoppel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"D13","key":"2026081501110173900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16369","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD03720","article-title":"Processes\ncontrolling the distribution of aerosol particles in the lower marine\nboundary layer during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment\n(ACE 1)","volume":"103","author":"Bates","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026081501110173900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4753","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002533","article-title":"Number size\ndistributions and concentrations of marine aerosols: Observations\nduring a cruise between the English Channel and the coast of Antarctica","volume":"107","author":"Koponen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081501110173900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D13204","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006284","article-title":"Statistical characteristics\nand predictability of particle formation events at Mace Head","volume":"111","author":"Yoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"1856","key":"2026081501110173900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2007.2043","article-title":"Marine aerosol production: A review of the current\nknowledge","volume":"365","author":"O\u2019Dowd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081501110173900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7607","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-7607-2009","article-title":"New particle formation\nand growth at a remote, sub-tropical coastal location","volume":"9","author":"Modini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081501110173900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L04806","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035969","article-title":"Direct linkage between\ntidally driven coastal ozone deposition fluxes, particle emission\nfluxes, and subsequent CCN formation","volume":"36","author":"Whitehead","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys.\nRes. Lett."},{"issue":"SUPPL. 2","key":"2026081501110173900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2004.06.008","article-title":"The modal structure\nof the summer Arctic aerosol and its connection to aerosol processes","volume":"35","author":"Heintzenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"2026081501110173900_cit51","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Marine environments.\nPhotosynthesis in Contrasting\nEnvironments","author":"Raven","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081501110173900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2307\/2389911","article-title":"Light harvesting among photosynthetic organisms","volume":"8","author":"Agusti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081501110173900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JC003207","article-title":"Vertical distribution of phytoplankton\ncommunities in open ocean: An assessment based on surface chlorophyll","volume":"111","author":"Uitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081501110173900_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-4227-2013","article-title":"Phytoplankton\nchlorophyll a biomass, composition, and productivity along a temperature\nand stratification gradient in the northeast Atlantic Ocean","volume":"10","author":"Van\nDe Poll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081501110173900_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-3979-2013","article-title":"The physical\nand chemical characteristics of marine\nprimary organic aerosol: A review","volume":"13","author":"Gantt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081501110173900_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD000176","article-title":"Hygroscopic\nproperties of nucleation mode and Aitken mode particles during nucleation\nbursts and in background air on the west coast of Ireland","volume":"107","author":"Va\u0308keva\u0308","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081501110173900_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000580","article-title":"Biogenic iodine emissions\nand identification of end-products in coastal ultrafine particles\nduring nucleation bursts","volume":"107","author":"Ma\u0308kela\u0308","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081501110173900_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-4601-2006","article-title":"The composition\nof nucleation and Aitken modes particles during coastal nucleation\nevents: Evidence for marine secondary organic contribution","volume":"6","author":"Vaattovaara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081501110173900_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-5599-2015","article-title":"Iodine observed in new particle formation\nevents in\nthe Arctic atmosphere during ACCACIA","volume":"15","author":"Allan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081501110173900_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1021\/j100879a010","article-title":"Interactions in aqueous nonelectrolyte\nsolutions. I.\nSolute-solvent equilibria","volume":"70","author":"Stokes","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081501110173900_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000970","article-title":"Marine biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to\nnon-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer over the North Atlantic\nOcean","volume":"107","author":"Savoie","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"6227","key":"2026081501110173900_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/339685a0","article-title":"Comparison of oceanic\nand continental sources of non-sea-salt\nsulphate over the Pacific Ocean","volume":"339","author":"Savoie","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081501110173900_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003736","article-title":"Phase partitioning\nand dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic U.S.\ncoast","volume":"108","author":"Russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081501110173900_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1021\/es802413j","article-title":"Comprehensive\nsimultaneous shipboard\nand airborne characterization of exhaust from a modern container ship\nat sea","volume":"43","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081501110173900_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5122","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023175","article-title":"Aerosol variability,\nsynoptic-scale\nprocesses, and their link to the cloud microphysics over the northeast\nPacific during MAGIC","volume":"120","author":"Painemal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res., D: Atmos."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b01505","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/49\/20\/12024\/7990670\/es5b01505.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/49\/20\/12024\/7990670\/es5b01505.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:28:44Z","timestamp":1786800524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/49\/20\/12024\/780736\/Comparison-of-Hygroscopicity-Volatility-and-Mixing"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b01505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]}}}