{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:51:01Z","timestamp":1791237061165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atmospheric mercury deposition measurements are rare in tropical latitudes. Here we report on seven years (April 2005 to April 2012, with gaps) of wet Hg deposition measurements at a tropical wet forest in the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, U.S. Despite receiving unpolluted air off the Atlantic Ocean from northeasterly trade winds, during two complete years the site averaged 27.9 \u03bcg m\u20132 yr\u20131 wet Hg deposition, or about 30% more than Florida and the Gulf Coast, the highest deposition areas within the U.S. These high Hg deposition rates are driven in part by high rainfall, which averaged 2855 mm yr\u20131. The volume-weighted mean Hg concentration was 9.8 ng L\u20131, and was highest during summer and lowest during the winter dry season. Rainout of Hg (decreasing concentration with increasing rainfall depth) was minimal. The high Hg deposition was not supported by gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) at ground level, which remained near global background concentrations (&amp;lt;10 pg m\u20133). Rather, a strong positive correlation between Hg concentrations and the maximum height of rain detected within clouds (echo tops) suggests that droplets in high convective cloud tops scavenge GOM from above the mixing layer. The high wet Hg deposition at this \u201cclean air\u201d site suggests that other tropical areas may be hotspots for Hg deposition as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T09:54:01Z","timestamp":1442224441000},"page":"12474-12482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["High\nMercury Wet Deposition at a \u201cClean Air\u201d\nSite in Puerto Rico"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"James B.","family":"Shanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 628, Montpelier, Vermont05601, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, El Paso, Texas79968, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia20192, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\nP.","family":"Krabbenhoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin53562, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Brunette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences Inc., Bothell, Washington98011, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois , Champaign , Illinois 61820 ,","place":["United\nStates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 ,","place":["United\nStates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081501112193300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3749\/9780921294788.ch08","article-title":"Biogeochemical\ncycles affecting the speciation, fate and transport of mercury in\nthe environment","volume-title":"Mercury: Sources, Measurements,\nCycles, and Effects","author":"Krabbenhoft","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081501112193300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.environ.051308.084314","article-title":"Global\nbiogeochemical cycling of mercury: A review","volume":"34","author":"Selin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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Phys."},{"key":"2026081501112193300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520271630.003.0008","article-title":"Mercury Cycling\nin Forested Watersheds","volume-title":"Mercury in the\nEnvironment: Pattern and Process","author":"Shanley","year":"2012"},{"issue":"D18","key":"2026081501112193300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D18306","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD014064","article-title":"Comparison\nof atmospheric mercury\nspeciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern\nNorth America","volume":"115","author":"Engle","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081501112193300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5697","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-5697-2015","article-title":"Measuring\nand modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review","volume":"15","author":"Gustin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. 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Discuss."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081501112193300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1080\/08940630.1987.10466321","article-title":"Toxic trace elements\nassociated with airborne particulate matter: a review","volume":"37","author":"Schroeder","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAPCA"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081501112193300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(97)00206-9","article-title":"The concentration,\nspeciation and\nsources of mercury in Chesapeake Bay precipitation","volume":"31","author":"Mason","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atmos. 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Cosmochim.\nActa"},{"issue":"6634","key":"2026081501112193300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/42679","article-title":"Control of\natmospheric\nexport of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation","volume":"387","author":"Moulin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"D12","key":"2026081501112193300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD003084","article-title":"The effects\nof the coastal environment\non the atmospheric mercury cycle","volume":"108","author":"Malcolm","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys.\nRes."},{"key":"2026081501112193300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1039\/b210124f","article-title":"Mercury and\ntrace elements in cloud water and precipitation collected on Mt. Mansfield,\nVermont","volume":"5","author":"Malcolm","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081501112193300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.01.051","article-title":"Sources and deposition\nof reactive gaseous mercury in the marine atmosphere","volume":"43","author":"Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"D2","key":"2026081501112193300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D02308","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007450","article-title":"Chemical cycling and deposition of\natmospheric mercury: Global constraints from observations","volume":"112","author":"Selin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081501112193300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448A","DOI":"10.1021\/es0406785","article-title":"Rethinking\natmospheric mercury","volume":"38","author":"Renner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081501112193300_cit52","first-page":"407","article-title":"Tropospheric\nozone and photochemical smog","volume-title":"Treatise\non Geochemistry: Environmental Geochemistry","author":"Sillman","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081501112193300_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1353","article-title":"Formation and fate of oxidized mercury\nin the upper\ntroposphere and lower stratosphere","volume":"5","author":"Lyman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081501112193300_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-1957-2009","article-title":"Gaseous mercury distribution\nin the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed onboard the\nCARIBIC passenger aircraft","volume":"9","author":"Slemr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. 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