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With the increasing prevalence of environmental contamination, understanding the gut microbiota\u2019s role in transforming pollutants and the underlying mechanisms is essential for assessing the associated environmental and health risks. Here, we review the current knowledge on gut microbiota-mediated transformation reaction, with a focus on the identification of transformation products using advanced predictive tools and mass spectrometry. We highlight the integration of multi-omics approaches\u2500including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics\u2500to unravel the mechanisms underlying these processes. Furthermore, we examine the roles of gut microbiota in pollutant bioaccumulation and their interplay with the host in pollutant metabolism and excretion, emphasizing the multifaceted contributions of gut microbiota to pollutant processing and their impacts on host health. Lastly, we identify critical knowledge gaps and emphasize the need for further research to advance our understanding of microbiota-mediated transformations and their broader implications for host physiology, environmental health, and pollution management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c01928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T15:47:42Z","timestamp":1753458462000},"page":"15575-15593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transformative Forces:\nThe Role of Gut Microbiota\nin Processing Environmental Pollutants"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Meilin","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7893-9876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanna","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-chao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]},{"name":"Northeastern University , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1403-4565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-3469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100085"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0219-8052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Runzeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2204-9783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , ,","place":["Singapore, 639798"]},{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200433"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8724-7684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zongwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Baptist University , , ,","place":["Hong Kong SAR, China, 999077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7638-1431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chunzhen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Technology and Business University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100048"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7169-9961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guotao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 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Technol."},{"key":"2026090712235330300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105423","article-title":"Characterization\nof covalent protein modification by triclosan in vivo and in vitro\nvia three-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: New\ninsight into its adverse effects","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090712235330300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4173","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72335","article-title":"Host-microbial\ninteractions in the metabolism of therapeutic\nand diet-derived xenobiotics","volume":"124","author":"Carmody","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090712235330300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.8.1695","article-title":"Glucuronidation of N-Hydroxy Heterocyclic\nAmines by Human and Rat-Liver Microsomes","volume":"15","author":"Kaderlik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2026090712235330300_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147677","article-title":"Metabolic fate of environmental chemical\ntriclocarban in colon tissues: roles of gut microbiota involved","volume":"787","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2026090712235330300_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(78)90146-9","article-title":"Respiratory\ninvolvement in polychorinated\nbiphenyls poisoning","volume":"16","author":"Shigematsu","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4560","key":"2026090712235330300_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6806905","article-title":"Metabolism of 2,4\u2019,5-trichlorobiphenyl\nby the mercapturic acid pathway","volume":"217","author":"Bakke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090712235330300_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.168.119","article-title":"Role of intestinal\nmicroflora in metabolism of glutathione conjugates of 1-nitropyrene\n4,5-oxide and 1-nitropyrene 9,10-oxide","volume":"168","author":"Kinouchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tohoku\nJ. Exp. 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